[ { "key": "TS3H5B82", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/TS3H5B82", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/TS3H5B82", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dinca et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TS3H5B82", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Inaugural Article: Nickel-borate oxygen-evolving catalyst that functions under benign conditions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Dinca" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Surendranath" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. G.", "lastName": "Nocera" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "05/2010", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences", "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1001859107", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1001859107", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0027-8424", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-05-14T13:39:57Z", "dateModified": "2010-05-14T13:39:57Z" } }, { "key": "FKZHF35E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": 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"publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "01/2010", "volume": "11", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "20-28", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biomacromolecules", "DOI": "10.1021/bm9008099", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bm9008099", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1525-7797", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-05-13T04:24:09Z", "dateModified": "2010-05-13T04:24:09Z" } }, { "key": "ZBNZ9DUX", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": 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}, { "key": "BCJXTC5S", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/BCJXTC5S", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/BCJXTC5S", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kharecha et al.", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BCJXTC5S", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Options for Near-Term Phaseout of CO2 Emissions from Coal Use in the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pushker A.", "lastName": "Kharecha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles F.", "lastName": "Kutscher" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James E.", "lastName": "Hansen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edward", "lastName": "Mazria" } ], "abstractNote": "The global climate problem becomes tractable if CO2 emissions from coal use are phased out rapidly and emissions from unconventional fossil fuels (e.g., oil shale and tar sands) are prohibited. This paper outlines technology options for phasing out coal emissions in the United States by ∼2030. We focus on coal for physical and practical reasons and on the U.S. because it is most responsible for accumulated fossil fuel CO2 in the atmosphere today, specifically targeting electricity production, which is the primary use of coal. While we recognize that coal emissions must be phased out globally, we believe U.S. leadership is essential. A major challenge for reducing U.S. emissions is that coal provides the largest proportion of base load power, i.e., power satisfying minimum electricity demand. Because this demand is relatively constant and coal has a high carbon intensity, utility carbon emissions are largely due to coal. The current U.S. electric grid incorporates little renewable power, most of which is not base load power. However, this can readily be changed within the next 2−3 decades. Eliminating coal emissions also requires improved efficiency, a “smart grid”, additional energy storage, and advanced nuclear power. Any further coal usage must be accompanied by carbon capture and storage (CCS). We suggest that near-term emphasis should be on efficiency measures and substitution of coal-fired power by renewables and third-generation nuclear plants, since these technologies have been successfully demonstrated at the relevant (commercial) scale. Beyond 2030, these measures can be supplemented by CCS at power plants and, as needed, successfully demonstrated fourth-generation reactors. We conclude that U.S. coal emissions could be phased out by 2030 using existing technologies or ones that could be commercially competitive with coal within about a decade. Elimination of fossil fuel subsidies and a substantial rising price on carbon emissions are the root requirements for a clean, emissions-free future.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Science & Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "0", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1021/es903884a", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es903884a", "accessDate": "2010-05-06T20:34:02Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACS Publications", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-05-06T20:34:02Z", "dateModified": "2010-05-06T20:34:02Z" } }, { "key": "INEA8WPG", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/INEA8WPG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/INEA8WPG", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Janssens et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "INEA8WPG", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "I. A.", "lastName": "Janssens" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W.", "lastName": "Dieleman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S.", "lastName": "Luyssaert" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J-A.", "lastName": "Subke" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Reichstein" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Ceulemans" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Ciais" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. J.", "lastName": "Dolman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Grace" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Matteucci" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Papale" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. L.", "lastName": "Piao" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E-D.", "lastName": "Schulze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Tang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.E.", "lastName": "Law" } ], "abstractNote": "The use of fossil fuels and fertilizers has increased the amount of biologically reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere over the past century. As a consequence, forests in industrialized regions have experienced greater rates of nitrogen deposition in recent decades. This unintended fertilization has stimulated forest growth, but has also affected soil microbial activity, and thus the recycling of soil carbon and nutrients. A meta-analysis suggests that nitrogen deposition impedes organic matter decomposition, and thus stimulates carbon sequestration, in temperate forest soils where nitrogen is not limiting microbial growth. The concomitant reduction in soil carbon emissions is substantial, and equivalent in magnitude to the amount of carbon taken up by trees owing to nitrogen fertilization. As atmospheric nitrogen levels continue to rise, increased nitrogen deposition could spread to older, more weathered soils, as found in the tropics; however, soil carbon cycling in tropical forests cannot yet be assessed.", "publicationTitle": "Nature Geoscience", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "4/2010", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nature Geosci", "DOI": "10.1038/ngeo844", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/ngeo844", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1752-0894", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-26T21:38:14Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-26T21:39:25Z" } }, { "key": "4PH84T9C", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/4PH84T9C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/4PH84T9C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Chmiola et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "4PH84T9C", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Monolithic Carbide-Derived Carbon Films for Micro-Supercapacitors", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Chmiola" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Largeot" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. L.", "lastName": "Taberna" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P.", "lastName": "Simon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Y.", "lastName": "Gogotsi" } ], "abstractNote": "Microbatteries with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers that are produced by common microfabrication techniques are poised to provide integration of power sources onto electronic devices, but they still suffer from poor cycle lifetime, as well as power and temperature range of operation issues that are alleviated with the use of supercapacitors. There have been a few reports on thin-film and other micro-supercapacitors, but they are either too thin to provide sufficient energy or the technology is not scalable. By etching supercapacitor electrodes into conductive titanium carbide substrates, we demonstrate that monolithic carbon films lead to a volumetric capacity exceeding that of micro- and macroscale supercapacitors reported thus far, by a factor of 2. This study also provides the framework for integration of high-performance micro-supercapacitors onto a variety of devices.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/2010", "volume": "328", "issue": "5977", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "480-483", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1184126", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1184126", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-26T19:48:30Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-26T19:50:01Z" } }, { "key": "482D5U9B", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/482D5U9B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/482D5U9B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wang et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-05", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "482D5U9B", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "An organic redox electrolyte to rival triiodide/iodide in dye-sensitized solar cells", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mingkui", "lastName": "Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nathalie", "lastName": "Chamberland" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Livain", "lastName": "Breau" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jacques-E.", "lastName": "Moser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin", "lastName": "Humphry-Baker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Benoît", "lastName": "Marsan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Shaik M.", "lastName": "Zakeeruddin" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Grätzel" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Nat Chem", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 2010", "volume": "2", "issue": "5", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "385-389", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nat Chem", "DOI": "10.1038/nchem.610", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.610", "accessDate": "2010-04-26T15:43:50Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1755-4330", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Nature", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-26T15:43:50Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-26T15:43:50Z" } }, { "key": "MN6ZF6JU", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/MN6ZF6JU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/MN6ZF6JU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MN6ZF6JU", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "April 26, 2010 - Fuel Cells Get Up to Speed with a New Kind of Platinum", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://home.slac.stanford.edu/pressreleases/2010/20100426.htm", "accessDate": "2010-04-26T15:37:18Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-26T15:37:18Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-26T15:37:18Z" } }, { "key": "T4PV2BNA", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/T4PV2BNA", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/T4PV2BNA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rasool and Schneider", "parsedDate": "1971", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "T4PV2BNA", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols: Effects of Large Increases on Global Climate", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. I.", "lastName": "Rasool" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. H.", "lastName": "Schneider" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "07/1971", "volume": "173", "issue": "3992", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "138-141", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.173.3992.138", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.173.3992.138", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-25T16:41:51Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-25T16:41:51Z" } }, { "key": "82CMVRI4", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/82CMVRI4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/82CMVRI4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Byrnes et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "82CMVRI4", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Emergence and Pathogenicity of Highly Virulent Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes in the Northwest United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edmond J.", "lastName": "Byrnes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Wenjun", "lastName": "Li" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Yonathan", "lastName": "Lewit" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Hansong", "lastName": "Ma" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kerstin", "lastName": "Voelz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ping", "lastName": "Ren" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dee A.", "lastName": "Carter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vishnu", "lastName": "Chaturvedi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert J.", "lastName": "Bildfell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin C.", "lastName": "May" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Joseph", "lastName": "Heitman" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Barbara Jane", "lastName": "Howlett" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "PLoS Pathogens", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "4/2010", "volume": "6", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "e1000850", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "PLoS Pathog", "DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1000850", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000850", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1553-7374", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-24T16:03:32Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-24T16:03:32Z" } }, { "key": "ENNC7D85", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/ENNC7D85", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/ENNC7D85", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McGuire", "parsedDate": "2010-05-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ENNC7D85", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Potential for a hazardous geospheric response to projected future climate changes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "McGuire" } ], "abstractNote": "Periods of exceptional climate change in Earth history are associated with a dynamic response from the geosphere, involving enhanced levels of potentially hazardous geological and geomorphological activity. The response is expressed through the adjustment, modulation or triggering of a broad range of surface and crustal phenomena, including volcanic and seismic activity, submarine and subaerial landslides, tsunamis and landslide ‘splash’ waves, glacial outburst and rock-dam failure floods, debris flows and gas-hydrate destabilization. In relation to anthropogenic climate change, modelling studies and projection of current trends point towards increased risk in relation to a spectrum of geological and geomorphological hazards in a warmer world, while observations suggest that the ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be eliciting a hazardous response from the geosphere. Here, the potential influences of anthropogenic warming are reviewed in relation to an array of geological and geomorphological hazards across a range of environmental settings. A programme of focused research is advocated in order to: (i) understand better those mechanisms by which contemporary climate change may drive hazardous geological and geomorphological activity; (ii) delineate those parts of the world that are most susceptible; and (iii) provide a more robust appreciation of potential impacts for society and infrastructure.", "publicationTitle": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 28, 2010", "volume": "368", "issue": "1919", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2317-2345", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1098/rsta.2010.0080", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/368/1919/2317.abstract", "accessDate": "2010-04-20T00:40:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-20T00:40:27Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-20T00:40:27Z" } }, { "key": "72VEA4XB", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/72VEA4XB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/72VEA4XB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "McGuire", "parsedDate": "2010-05-28", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "72VEA4XB", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Climate forcing of geological and geomorphological hazards", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Bill", "lastName": "McGuire" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "May 28, 2010", "volume": "368", "issue": "1919", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "2311-2315", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1098/rsta.2010.0077", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/368/1919/2311.short", "accessDate": "2010-04-20T00:39:32Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Highwire 2.0", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-20T00:39:32Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-20T00:39:32Z" } }, { "key": "JJH63M56", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/JJH63M56", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/JJH63M56", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lefevre et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JJH63M56", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Iron-Based Catalysts with Improved Oxygen Reduction Activity in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Lefevre" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Proietti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Jaouen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.-P.", "lastName": "Dodelet" } ], "abstractNote": "Iron-based catalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells have been poorly competitive with platinum catalysts, in part because they have a comparatively low number of active sites per unit volume. We produced microporous carbon–supported iron-based catalysts with active sites believed to contain iron cations coordinated by pyridinic nitrogen functionalities in the interstices of graphitic sheets within the micropores. We found that the greatest increase in site density was obtained when a mixture of carbon support, phenanthroline, and ferrous acetate was ball-milled and then pyrolyzed twice, first in argon, then in ammonia. The current density of a cathode made with the best iron-based electrocatalyst reported here can equal that of a platinum-based cathode with a loading of 0.4 milligram of platinum per square centimeter at a cell voltage of ≥0.9 volt.", "publicationTitle": "Science", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "04/2009", "volume": "324", "issue": "5923", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "71-74", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Science", "DOI": "10.1126/science.1170051", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1170051", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0036-8075", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-16T12:45:59Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-16T12:46:33Z" } }, { "key": "JTBF8QQW", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/JTBF8QQW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/JTBF8QQW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hansen et al.", "parsedDate": "2008", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "JTBF8QQW", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "Hansen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Makiko", "lastName": "Sato" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pushker", "lastName": "Kharecha" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Beerling" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robert", "lastName": "Berner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Valerie", "lastName": "Masson-Delmotte" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Pagani" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Maureen", "lastName": "Raymo" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dana L.", "lastName": "Royer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James C.", "lastName": "Zachos" } ], "abstractNote": "Paleoclimate data show that climate sensitivity is ∼3°C for doubled CO2, including only fast feedback processes. Equilibrium sensitivity, including slower surface albedo feedbacks, is ∼6°C for doubled CO2 for the range of climate states between glacial conditions and ice-free Antarctica. Decreasing CO2 was the main cause of a cooling trend that began 50 million years ago, the planet being nearly ice-free until CO2 fell to 450 ± 100 ppm; barring prompt policy changes, that critical level will be passed, in the opposite direction, within decades. If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm, but likely less than that. The largest uncertainty in the target arises from possible changes of non-CO2 forcings. An initial 350 ppm CO2 target may be achievable by phasing out coal use except where CO2 is captured and adopting agricultural and forestry practices that sequester carbon. If the present overshoot of this target CO2 is not brief, there is a possibility of seeding irreversible catastrophic effects.", "publicationTitle": "The Open Atmospheric Science Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "11/2008", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "217-231", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "TOASCJ", "DOI": "10.2174/1874282300802010217", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOASCJ/2008/00000002/00000001/217TOASCJ.SGM", "accessDate": "2010-04-15T15:20:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "18742823", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Target Atmospheric CO2", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-15T15:20:20Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-15T15:21:58Z" } }, { "key": "B2WHDKN3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/B2WHDKN3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/B2WHDKN3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jinguo Dong et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "B2WHDKN3", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "A high-resolution stalagmite record of the Holocene East Asian monsoon from Mt Shennongjia, central China", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Jinguo Dong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Yongjin Wang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Hai Cheng" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Hardt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. L.", "lastName": "Edwards" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Xinggong Kong" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Jiangying Wu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Shitao Chen" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Dianbing Liu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Xiuyang Jiang" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Kan Zhao" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "The Holocene", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "02/2010", "volume": "20", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "257-264", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "The Holocene", "DOI": "10.1177/0959683609350393", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://hol.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0959683609350393", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0959-6836", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-15T14:07:58Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-15T14:07:58Z" } }, { "key": "USXT4NJJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/USXT4NJJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/USXT4NJJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "USXT4NJJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Europe Eyes Africa for Solar Power: Scientific American", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=solar-thermal-power-europe-meditteranean-sea", "accessDate": "2010-04-13T22:53:11Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-13T22:53:11Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-13T22:53:11Z" } }, { "key": "THJXVBC5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/THJXVBC5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/THJXVBC5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "THJXVBC5", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "4.3.6 Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) - AR4 WGIII Chapter 4: Energy Supply", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/ch4s4-3-6.html", "accessDate": "2010-04-11T19:13:55Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-11T19:13:55Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-11T19:13:55Z" } }, { "key": "5MQNG6NT", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/5MQNG6NT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/5MQNG6NT", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "5MQNG6NT", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "Carbon Capture and Sequestration - Clean Energy Program - Environmental Defense Fund", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.edf.org/page.cfm?tagID=51027", "accessDate": "2010-04-11T19:04:27Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-11T19:04:27Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-11T19:04:27Z" } }, { "key": "QCBV5MW7", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/QCBV5MW7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/QCBV5MW7", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/TTBKRB6E", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "QCBV5MW7", "version": 1, "parentItem": "TTBKRB6E", "itemType": "note", "note": "PMID: 20085252", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-08T00:37:38Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-08T00:37:38Z" } }, { "key": "TTBKRB6E", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/TTBKRB6E", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/TTBKRB6E", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kemper et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-02-15", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "TTBKRB6E", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Quaternary Amines As Nitrosamine Precursors: A Role for Consumer Products?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jerome M.", "lastName": "Kemper" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Spencer S.", "lastName": "Walse" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William A.", "lastName": "Mitch" } ], "abstractNote": "Nitrosamine formation has been associated with wastewater-impacted waters, but specific precursors within wastewater effluents have not been identified. Experiments indicated that nitrosamines form in low yields from quaternary amines, and that the nitrosamines form from the quaternary amines themselves, not just lower order amine impurities. Polymeric and benzylated quaternary amines were more potent precursors than monomeric quaternary alkylamines. Pretreatment of quaternary amines with ozone or free chlorine, which deactivate lower order amine impurities, did not significantly reduce nitrosamine formation. The nitrosamine formation pathway is unclear but experiments indicated that transformation of quaternary amines to lower order amine precursors via Hofmann elimination was not involved. Experiments suggest that the pathway may involve quaternary amine degradation by amidogen or chloramino radicals formed from chloramines. Quaternary amines are significant constituents of consumer products, including shampoos, detergents, and fabric softeners. Although quaternary amines may be removed by sedimentation during wastewater treatment, their importance should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The high loadings from consumer products may enable the portion not removed to serve as precursors.", "publicationTitle": "Environmental Science & Technology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 15, 2010", "volume": "44", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1224-1231", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1021/es902840h", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902840h", "accessDate": "2010-04-08T00:37:37Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Quaternary Amines As Nitrosamine Precursors", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACS Publications", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-08T00:37:37Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-08T00:37:37Z" } }, { "key": "E4S235JQ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/E4S235JQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/E4S235JQ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/U2KSTSXJ", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "E4S235JQ", "version": 1, "parentItem": "U2KSTSXJ", "itemType": "note", "note": "PMID: 20155942", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-08T00:08:57Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-08T00:08:57Z" } }, { "key": "U2KSTSXJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/U2KSTSXJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/U2KSTSXJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moos et al.", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "U2KSTSXJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "ZnO Particulate Matter Requires Cell Contact for Toxicity in Human Colon Cancer Cells", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Philip J.", "lastName": "Moos" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kevin", "lastName": "Chung" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "David", "lastName": "Woessner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Matthew", "lastName": "Honeggar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "N. Shane", "lastName": "Cutler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John M.", "lastName": "Veranth" } ], "abstractNote": "There is ongoing concern regarding the toxicity of nanoparticles with sizes less than 100 nm as compared to larger particles of the same nominal substance. Two commercial ZnO types, one sold as a 8−10 nm powder and the other described as −325 mesh (<44 μm) powder, were evaluated in human colon-derived RKO cells. The powders had a volume-to-surface area ratio equivalent to 40 and 330 nm spheres, respectively. Both materials formed micrometer-sized agglomerates in cell culture media. The nanosized ZnO was more cytotoxic than the micrometer-sized ZnO with LC50 values of 15 ± 1 and 29 ± 4 μg/cm2, respectively. Transfer of Zn from the solid phase to the cell culture media in the presence of RKO cells was time- and concentration-dependent. However, direct particle−cell contact was required for RKO cell cytotoxicity, and the toxicity of particles was independent of the amount of soluble Zn in the cell culture media. The mechanism of cell death includes the disruption of mitochondrial function. Robust markers of apoptosis, Annexin V staining, loss of mitochondrial potential, and increased generation of superoxide were observed when cells were treated with ZnO particulate matter but not when treated with comparable concentration of a soluble Zn salt. Both ZnO samples induced similar mechanisms of toxicity, but there was a statistically significant increase in potency per unit mass with the smaller particles.", "publicationTitle": "Chemical Research in Toxicology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "0", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1021/tx900203v", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx900203v", "accessDate": "2010-04-08T00:08:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ACS Publications", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-08T00:08:56Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-08T00:08:56Z" } }, { "key": "Q46379AH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/Q46379AH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/Q46379AH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "Q46379AH", "version": 1, "itemType": "webpage", "title": "A 250-year index of first flowering dates and its response to temperature changes — Proceedings B", "creators": [], "abstractNote": "", "websiteTitle": "", "websiteType": "", "date": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2010/04/01/rspb.2010.0291.full", "accessDate": "2010-04-07T18:01:27Z", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-07T18:01:27Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-07T18:01:27Z" } }, { "key": "F7PTK7UJ", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/F7PTK7UJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/F7PTK7UJ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Williams", "parsedDate": "2010-03-26", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "F7PTK7UJ", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Long-distance pine pollen still germinates after meso-scale dispersal", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Claire G.", "lastName": "Williams" } ], "abstractNote": "Viability of long-distance pollen links ecological models to the genetic structure of forest tree populations, determining how forests will adapt to climate change and how far genes flow from genetically modified (GM) pine plantations. Addressing this landscape-scale inquiry is feasible when the pollen source, the delivery system, and the receiver field can be made explicit. To this end, I measured long-distance pollen germination along a 160-km transect along the North Carolina coastline, including 45000 ha of mature Pinus taeda plantations and barrier islands. Using this system, I tested three hypotheses: (1) pine pollen germinates after dispersal on meso-scale distances, (2) sodium chloride exposure reduces germination of pollen captured over open saltwater, and (3) viable pine pollen is present at high altitudes before local peak pollen shed. The experimental findings are as follows: pine pollen had germination rates of 2 to 57% after dispersal at distances from 3 to 41 km, sodium chloride solutions mildly reduced P. taeda pollen germination, and viable pine pollen grains were captured at an altitude of 610 m. GM pine plantings thus have a potential to disperse viable pollen at least 41 km from the source. Wind and rainfall, as integral parts of regional atmospheric systems, together exert a powerful influence on the genetic structure of forest tree populations.", "publicationTitle": "Am. J. Bot.", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 26, 2010", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "ajb.0900255", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.3732/ajb.0900255", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/ajb.0900255v1", "accessDate": "2010-04-07T14:11:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "HighWire", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-07T14:11:31Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-07T14:11:31Z" } }, { "key": "2BNA48PN", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 14868, "name": "Democratic Underground Environment/Energy", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/14868/items/2BNA48PN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/democratic_underground_environmentenergy/items/2BNA48PN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 198440, "username": "OKIsItJustMe", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/okisitjustme", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grogan et al.", "parsedDate": "2010", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "2BNA48PN", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Over-harvesting driven by consumer demand leads to population decline: big-leaf mahogany in South America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "James", "lastName": "Grogan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arthur G.", "lastName": "Blundell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. Matthew", "lastName": "Landis" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ani", "lastName": "Youatt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Raymond E.", "lastName": "Gullison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martha", "lastName": "Martinez" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Roberto", "lastName": "Kómetter" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marco", "lastName": "Lentini" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard E.", "lastName": "Rice" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Conservation Letters", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "02/2010", "volume": "3", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "12-20", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00082.x", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/123196254/main.html,ftx_abs", "accessDate": "2010-04-07T03:39:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1755263X", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Over-harvesting driven by consumer demand leads to population decline", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2010-04-07T03:39:19Z", "dateModified": "2010-04-07T03:39:19Z" } } ]