[ { "key": "ZZJUCF8W", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZZJUCF8W", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZZJUCF8W", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Suddick et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZZJUCF8W", "version": 1202, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Discerning agricultural management effects on nitrous oxide emissions from conventional and alternative cropping systems: A California case study", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Suddick" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K.", "lastName": "Steenwerth" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Garland" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Smart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Six" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "suddickDiscerningAgriculturalManagement2011", "url": "http://ucanr.org/sites/scri/files/140101.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-12-05T19:01:05Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Discerning agricultural management effects on nitrous oxide emissions from conventional and alternative cropping systems", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00008", "tags": [], "collections": [ "IZQNCQR2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-07T18:07:03Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:56Z" } }, { "key": "ZZDPB64Z", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZZDPB64Z", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZZDPB64Z", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stehfest and Bouwman", "parsedDate": "2006-03-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZZDPB64Z", "version": 1202, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation: summarizing available measurement data and modeling of global annual emissions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Elke", "lastName": "Stehfest" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Lex", "lastName": "Bouwman" } ], "abstractNote": "The number of published N2O and NO emissions measurements is increasing steadily, providing additional information about driving factors of these emissions and allowing an improvement of statistical N-emission models. We summarized information from 1008 N2O and 189 NO emission measurements for agricultural fields, and 207 N2O and 210 NO measurements for soils under natural vegetation. The factors that significantly influence agricultural N2O emissions were N application rate, crop type, fertilizer type, soil organic C content, soil pH and texture, and those for NO emissions include N application rate, soil N content and climate. Compared to an earlier analysis the 20% increase in the number of N2O measurements for agriculture did not yield more insight or reduced uncertainty, because the representation of environmental and management conditions in agro-ecosystems did not improve, while for NO emissions the additional measurements in agricultural systems did yield a considerable improvement. N2O emissions from soils under natural vegetation are significantly influenced by vegetation type, soil organic C content, soil pH, bulk density and drainage, while vegetation type and soil C content are major factors for NO emissions. Statistical models of these factors were used to calculate global annual emissions from fertilized cropland (3.3 Tg N2O-N and 1.4 Tg NO-N) and grassland (0.8 Tg N2O-N and 0.4 Tg NO-N). Global emissions were not calculated for soils under natural vegetation due to lack of data for many vegetation types.", "publicationTitle": "Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006/03/01", "volume": "74", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "207-228", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst", "DOI": "10.1007/s10705-006-9000-7", "citationKey": "stehfestN2ONOEmission2006a", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10705-006-9000-7", "accessDate": "2013-01-08T00:54:43Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1385-1314, 1573-0867", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "N2O and NO emission from agricultural fields and soils under natural vegetation", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00455", "tags": [ { "tag": "Agriculture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Crop", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emission", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrogen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrous oxide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Vegetation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "animal manure", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "fertilizer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nitric oxide", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-08T00:54:43Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:55Z" } }, { "key": "ZXQXCIX7", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZXQXCIX7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZXQXCIX7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kallenbach et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZXQXCIX7", "version": 1202, "itemType": "report", "title": "Use of conservation tillage, subsurface drip irrigation and cover cropping to reduce soil carbon and nitrogen emissions and sequester soil carbon", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Kallenbach" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. R.", "lastName": "Horwath" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Z.", "lastName": "Kabir" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Mitchell" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D.", "lastName": "Rolston" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Kearney Foundation of Soil Science", "place": "University of California, Davis", "date": "2006", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "kallenbachUseConservationTillage2006", "url": "http://kearney.ucdavis.edu/OLD%20MISSION/2004_Final_Reports/2004221Horwath_FINALkms.pdf", "accessDate": "2013-01-07T18:22:32Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-07T18:22:32Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:54Z" } }, { "key": "ZX5X8MB7", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZX5X8MB7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZX5X8MB7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 394125, "username": "steve.culman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/steve.culman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kravchenko and Robertson", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZX5X8MB7", "version": 1202, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Whole-profile soil carbon stocks: the danger of assuming too much from analyses of too little", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. N.", "lastName": "Kravchenko" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. P.", "lastName": "Robertson" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Soil Science Society of America Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "75", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "235", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2136/sssaj2010.0076", "citationKey": "kravchenkoWholeprofileSoilCarbon2011", "url": "https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/75/1/235", "accessDate": "2012-08-31T17:39:19Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1435-0661", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Whole-Profile Soil Carbon Stocks", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00059", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-15T16:12:26Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:53Z" } }, { "key": "ZUNK7BRR", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZUNK7BRR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZUNK7BRR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pittelkow et al.", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZUNK7BRR", "version": 1202, "itemType": "manuscript", "title": "Yield-scaled global warming potential of annual nitrous oxide and methane emissions from continuously flooded rice systems in response to nitrogen input.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Pittelkow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.A.", "lastName": "Adviento-Borbe" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Hill" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.", "lastName": "Six" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Van Kessel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B.", "lastName": "Linquist" } ], "abstractNote": "", "manuscriptType": "", "institution": "", "place": "", "date": "In Review", "numPages": "", "number": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "pittelkowYieldscaledGlobalWarmingInReview", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-15T22:00:04Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:52Z" } }, { "key": "ZUF9UTSP", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZUF9UTSP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZUF9UTSP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lee et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZUF9UTSP", "version": 1202, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Tillage and Field Scale Controls on Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Juhwan", "lastName": "Lee" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Johan", "lastName": "Six" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amy P.", "lastName": "King" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Chris", "lastName": "van Kessel" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis E.", "lastName": "Rolston" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Environment Quality", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "35", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "714", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2134/jeq2005.0337", "citationKey": "leeTillageFieldScale2006", "url": "zotero://attachment/337/", "accessDate": "2013-01-18T17:41:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537-2537", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00052", "tags": [], "collections": [ "UXZ466CZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-18T17:41:55Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:51Z" } }, { "key": "ZTWUAC7V", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZTWUAC7V", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZTWUAC7V", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smart et al.", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZTWUAC7V", "version": 1202, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "N2O Emissions and Water Management in California Perennial Crops", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. R.", "lastName": "Smart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. M.", "lastName": "Alsina" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. W.", "lastName": "Wolff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. G.", "lastName": "Matiasek" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. L.", "lastName": "Schellenberg" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. P.", "lastName": "Edstrom" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. H.", "lastName": "Brown" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. M.", "lastName": "Scow" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "smartN2OEmissionsWater2011", "url": "http://ucanr.org/sites/scri/files/140106.pdf", "accessDate": "2012-12-05T19:02:51Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00004", "tags": [], "collections": [ "IZQNCQR2", "MRCG75VJ", "UXZ466CZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-07T18:07:03Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:50Z" } }, { "key": "ZS2NJTE2", "version": 1202, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZS2NJTE2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZS2NJTE2", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1256829, "username": "tmaxwell", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tmaxwell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burger et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-11-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZS2NJTE2", "version": 1202, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Microbial responses and nitrous oxide emissions during wetting and drying of organically and conventionally managed soil under tomatoes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martin", "lastName": "Burger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Louise E.", "lastName": "Jackson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erica J.", "lastName": "Lundquist" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dianne T.", "lastName": "Louie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Robin L.", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Dennis E.", "lastName": "Rolston" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kate M.", "lastName": "Scow" } ], "abstractNote": "The types and amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) inputs, as well as irrigation management are likely to influence gaseous emissions and microbial ecology of agricultural soil. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) efflux, with and without acetylene inhibition, inorganic N, and microbial biomass C were measured after irrigation or simulated rainfall in two agricultural fields under tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). The two fields, located in the California Central Valley, had either a history of high organic matter (OM) inputs (“organic” management) or one of low OM and inorganic fertilizer inputs (“conventional” management). In microcosms, where short-term microbial responses to wetting and drying were studied, the highest CO2 efflux took place at about 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS). At this moisture level, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) indicative of microbial nutrient availability were elevated and a PLFA stress indicator was depressed, suggesting peak microbial activity. The highest N2O efflux in the organically managed soil (0.94 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1) occurred after manure and legume cover crop incorporation, and in the conventionally managed soil (2.12 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1) after inorganic N fertilizer inputs. Elevated N2O emissions occurred at a WFPS >60% and lasted <2 days after wetting, probably because the top layer (0–150 mm) of this silt loam soil dried quickly. Therefore, in these cropping systems, irrigation management might control the duration of elevated N2O efflux, even when C and inorganic N availability are high, whereas inorganic N concentrations should be kept low during times when soil moisture cannot be controlled.", "publicationTitle": "Biology and Fertility of Soils", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005/11/01", "volume": "42", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "109-118", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biol Fertil Soils", "DOI": "10.1007/s00374-005-0007-z", "citationKey": "burgerMicrobialResponsesNitrous2005", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00374-005-0007-z", "accessDate": "2013-01-21T19:53:42Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0178-2762, 1432-0789", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00060", "tags": [ { "tag": "Acetylene block", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Agriculture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Carbon dioxide efflux", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Denitrification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Microbial respiration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Phospholipid fatty acids", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil Science & Conservation", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-21T19:53:42Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:49Z" } }, { "key": "ZRTMUDPE", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZRTMUDPE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZRTMUDPE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1256829, "username": "tmaxwell", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tmaxwell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Jouquet et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-06", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZRTMUDPE", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers: Intended and accidental effects on soil and feedback loops", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pascal", "lastName": "Jouquet" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jens", "lastName": "Dauber" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jan", "lastName": "Lagerlöf" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patrick", "lastName": "Lavelle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Michel", "lastName": "Lepage" } ], "abstractNote": "Termites, ants and earthworms are considered as soil engineers because of their effects on soil properties and their influence on the availability of resources for other organisms, including microorganisms and plants. However, the links between their impacts on the soil environment and the resulting modification of natural selection pressures on engineer as well as on other organisms have received little attention.\n\nWe suggest that the strategy evolved by species, or functional groups to control their environment can explain the difference between extended phenotype and accidental engineers. Extended phenotype engineers concentrate their activities on the building of biogenic structures in order to maintain optimal conditions for their growth. Conversely, accidental engineers expend energy in moving through the soil to be as close as possible to their optimal environment. We discuss in this paper why termites and ants are best viewed as extended phenotype engineers, and particularly how their impacts on ecosystem functioning can be considered as results of their requirements and how their activities could induce feedback loops affecting themselves. We also focus on the engineering activities of earthworms and discuss why some species can be considered as extended phenotype while others are more accidental engineers.\n\nFinally, we discuss links between the strategies developed by engineers and ecosystem functioning. Although both types of engineer create “hot-spots” in soil, we argue that extended phenotype engineers have a greater effect on the maintenance of ecosystem heterogeneity since they concentrate their activities at a few points, as compared to accidental engineers which may move through the soil and thus contribute to homogenisation of nutrient distribution throughout the whole ecosystem.", "publicationTitle": "Applied Soil Ecology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2006", "volume": "32", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "153-164", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Applied Soil Ecology", "DOI": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.07.004", "citationKey": "jouquetSoilInvertebratesEcosystem2006", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139305001265", "accessDate": "2013-07-25T23:05:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0929-1393", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Soil invertebrates as ecosystem engineers", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00237", "tags": [ { "tag": "Ants", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Earthworms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Termites", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ecosystem engineers", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-25T23:05:35Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:48Z" } }, { "key": "ZQV969MP", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZQV969MP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZQV969MP", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Del Grosso et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZQV969MP", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "DAYCENT National-Scale Simulations of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Cropped Soils in the United States", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. J.", "lastName": "Del Grosso" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "W. J.", "lastName": "Parton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. R.", "lastName": "Mosier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. K.", "lastName": "Walsh" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. S.", "lastName": "Ojima" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "P. E.", "lastName": "Thornton" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Environment Quality", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "35", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1451", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2134/jeq2005.0160", "citationKey": "delgrossoDAYCENTNationalScaleSimulations2006", "url": "https://www.agronomy.org/publications/jeq/abstracts/35/4/1451", "accessDate": "2012-12-07T23:28:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1537-2537", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00109", "tags": [], "collections": [ "IZQNCQR2", "UXZ466CZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-07T18:07:03Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:47Z" } }, { "key": "ZQRE7JIN", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZQRE7JIN", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZQRE7JIN", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smart et al.", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZQRE7JIN", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Vineyard: Advances in the Search to Develop More Sustainable Practices.", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. R.", "lastName": "Smart" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. W.", "lastName": "Wolff" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E.", "lastName": "Carlisle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. M. A.", "lastName": "Marti" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "smartReducingGreenhouseGas", "url": "http://www.ecososteniblewine.com/files/P02_Smart_Reducing_Greenhouse.pdf", "accessDate": "2013-01-07T18:24:38Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Vineyard", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [ "UXZ466CZ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-07T18:24:38Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:46Z" } }, { "key": "ZQHDFT35", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZQHDFT35", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZQHDFT35", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 394125, "username": "steve.culman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/steve.culman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Burger et al.", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZQHDFT35", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Microbial responses and nitrous oxide emissions during wetting and drying of organically and conventionally managed soil under tomatoes", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Burger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. E.", "lastName": "Jackson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "E. J.", "lastName": "Lundquist" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. T.", "lastName": "Louie" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. L.", "lastName": "Miller" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "D. E.", "lastName": "Rolston" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. M.", "lastName": "Scow" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Biology and fertility of soils", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2005", "volume": "42", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "109–118", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "burgerMicrobialResponsesNitrous2005a", "url": "http://www.springerlink.com/index/h448751864566022.pdf", "accessDate": "2013-01-31T17:53:48Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00060", "tags": [], "collections": [ "IZQNCQR2", "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-31T17:53:48Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:45Z" } }, { "key": "ZPBEEC9M", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZPBEEC9M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZPBEEC9M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Tonitto et al.", "parsedDate": "2007-05-01", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "ZPBEEC9M", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Application of the DNDC model to tile-drained Illinois agroecosystems: model calibration, validation, and uncertainty analysis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christina", "lastName": "Tonitto" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark B.", "lastName": "David" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laurie E.", "lastName": "Drinkwater" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Changsheng", "lastName": "Li" } ], "abstractNote": "We applied the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model to a typical corn–soybean rotation on silty clay loams with tile-drainage in east-central Illinois (IL). Model outcomes are compared to 10 years of observed drainage and nitrate leaching data aggregated across the Embarras River watershed. We found that accurate simulation of NO3–N leaching and drainage dynamics required significant changes to key soil physical and chemical parameters relative to their default values. Overall, our calibration of DNDC resulted in a good statistical fit between model output and IL data for crop yield, NO3–N leaching, and drainage. Our modifications to DNDC reduced the RMSE from 9.4 to a range of 1.3–2.9 for NO3–N leaching and from 51.2 to a range of 13–23.6 for drainage. Modeling efficiency ranged from 0.25 to 0.85 in comparison with measured drainage and leachate values and from 0.65 to 1 in comparison with crop yield data. However, analysis of simulation results at a monthly time step indicated that DNDC consistently underpredicted peak drainage events. Underprediction ranged from 50 to 100 mm month−1 following three extreme precipitation events, a flux equivalent to 0.25–0.5 of the total measured monthly flux. Our simulations demonstrated high interannual variation in nitrate leaching with average annual NO3–N loss of 24 kg N ha−1, peak annual NO3–N loss of 58 kg N ha−1 and low annual NO3–N loss of 1–5 kg N ha−1.", "publicationTitle": "Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2007/05/01", "volume": "78", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "51-63", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst", "DOI": "10.1007/s10705-006-9076-0", "citationKey": "tonittoApplicationDNDCModel2007", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10705-006-9076-0", "accessDate": "2013-10-09T18:19:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1385-1314, 1573-0867", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Application of the DNDC model to tile-drained Illinois agroecosystems", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00051", "tags": [ { "tag": "Agroecosystem model", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrate leaching", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrogen management", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil Science & Conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soybean", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tile-drainage", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "corn", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "6QCCDT2S" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-10-09T18:19:45Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:44Z" } }, { "key": "ZGENXNVM", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZGENXNVM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZGENXNVM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Putnam", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZGENXNVM", "version": 1203, "itemType": "book", "title": "Drought Irrigation Strategies for Alfalfa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "B. Hanson, S. Orloff, D.", "lastName": "Putnam" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "", "publisher": "UCANR Publications", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "10", "ISBN": "978-1-60107-741-7", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "putnamDroughtIrrigationStrategies", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Google Books", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [ "6QCCDT2S" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-08-16T00:03:21Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:43Z" } }, { "key": "ZEDINB83", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZEDINB83", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZEDINB83", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Cavagnaro et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ZEDINB83", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Arbuscular mycorrhizas and their role in plant growth, nitrogen interception and soil gas efflux in an organic production system", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "T. R.", "lastName": "Cavagnaro" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F. H.", "lastName": "Barrios-Masias" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. E.", "lastName": "Jackson" } ], "abstractNote": "Background and aims Roots and mycorrhizas play an important role in not only plant nutrient acquisition, but also ecosystem nutrient cycling. Methods A field experiment was undertaken in which the role of arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) in the growth and nutrient acquisition of tomato plants was investigated. A mycorrhiza defective mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (named rmc) and its mycorrhizal wild type progenitor (named 76R) were used to control for the formation of AM. The role of roots and AM in soil N cycling was studied by injecting a 15N-labelled nitrate solution into surface soil at different distances from the 76R and rmc genotypes of tomato, or in plant free soil. The impacts of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems on soil greenhouse gas (CO2 and 14+15N2O and 15N2O) emissions, relative to root free soils, were also studied. Results The formation of AM significantly enhanced plant growth and nutrient acquisition, including interception of recently applied NO 3 − . Whereas roots caused a small but significant decrease in 15N2O emissions from soils at 23 h after labeling, compared to the root-free treatment, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) had little effect on N2O emissions. In contrast soil CO2 emissions were higher in plots containing mycorrhizal root systems, where root biomass was also greater. Conclusions Taken together, these data indicate that roots and AMF have an important role to play in plant nutrient acquisition and ecosystem N cycling.", "publicationTitle": "Plant and Soil", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012/04/01", "volume": "353", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "181-194", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Plant Soil", "DOI": "10.1007/s11104-011-1021-6", "citationKey": "cavagnaroArbuscularMycorrhizasTheir2012", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-011-1021-6", "accessDate": "2013-02-16T01:11:34Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0032-079X, 1573-5036", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00015", "tags": [ { "tag": "Arbuscular mycorrhizas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Carbon dioxide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ecology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrogen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrous oxide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nutrient cycling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plant Physiology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plant Sciences", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Plant nutrition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil Science & Conservation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Tomato mutant", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-02-16T01:11:34Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:42Z" } }, { "key": "ZCVJUE2B", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/ZCVJUE2B", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/ZCVJUE2B", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 394125, "username": "steve.culman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/steve.culman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "IPCC", "parsedDate": "2013", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZCVJUE2B", "version": 1203, "itemType": "report", "title": "Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "IPCC" } ], "abstractNote": "", "reportNumber": "", "reportType": "", "institution": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change", "place": "", "date": "2013", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesNumber": "", "pages": "", "DOI": "", "ISBN": "", "citationKey": "ipccWorkingGroupContribution2013", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-18T22:15:13Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:41Z" } }, { "key": "Z9NWA9GB", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/Z9NWA9GB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/Z9NWA9GB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Scheer et al.", "parsedDate": "2008-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "Z9NWA9GB", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized, irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the Aral Sea Basin, Uzbekistan: Influence of nitrogen applications and irrigation practices", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clemens", "lastName": "Scheer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reiner", "lastName": "Wassmann" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kirsten", "lastName": "Kienzler" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nazar", "lastName": "Ibragimov" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ruzimboy", "lastName": "Eschanov" } ], "abstractNote": "Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored at three sites over a 2-year period in irrigated cotton fields in Khorezm, Uzbekistan, a region located in the arid deserts of the Aral Sea Basin. The fields were managed using different fertilizer management strategies and irrigation water regimes. N2O emissions varied widely between years, within 1 year throughout the vegetation season, and between the sites. The amount of irrigation water applied, the amount and type of N fertilizer used, and topsoil temperature had the greatest effect on these emissions. Very high N2O emissions of up to 3000 μg N2O-N m−2 h−1 were measured in periods following N-fertilizer application in combination with irrigation events. These “emission pulses” accounted for 80–95% of the total N2O emissions between April and September and varied from 0.9 to 6.5 kg N2O-N ha−1.. Emission factors (EF), uncorrected for background emission, ranged from 0.4% to 2.6% of total N applied, corresponding to an average EF of 1.48% of applied N fertilizer lost as N2O-N. This is in line with the default global average value of 1.25% of applied N used in calculations of N2O emissions by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. During the emission pulses, which were triggered by high soil moisture and high availability of mineral N, a clear diurnal pattern of N2O emissions was observed, driven by daily changes in topsoil temperature. For these periods, air sampling from 8:00 to 10:00 and from 18:00 to 20:00 was found to best represent the mean daily N2O flux rates. The wet topsoil conditions caused by irrigation favored the production of N2O from NO3− fertilizers, but not from NH4+ fertilizers, thus indicating that denitrification was the main process causing N2O emissions. It is therefore argued that there is scope for reducing N2O emission from irrigated cotton production; i.e. through the exclusive use of NH4+ fertilizers. Advanced application and irrigation techniques such as subsurface fertilizer application, drip irrigation and fertigation may also minimize N2O emission from this regionally dominant agro-ecosystem.", "publicationTitle": "Soil Biology and Biochemistry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2008", "volume": "40", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "290-301", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soil Biology and Biochemistry", "DOI": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.08.007", "citationKey": "scheerNitrousOxideEmissions2008", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071707003409", "accessDate": "2013-03-14T18:21:27Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0038-0717", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized, irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the Aral Sea Basin, Uzbekistan", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00085", "tags": [ { "tag": "Arid climate", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Climate change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Denitrification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Emission pulse", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Irrigation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrogen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil moisture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "greenhouse gases", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-03-14T18:21:27Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:40Z" } }, { "key": "Z99MVXUV", "version": 1203, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/Z99MVXUV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/Z99MVXUV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1256829, "username": "tmaxwell", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tmaxwell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Korol et al.", "parsedDate": "1999-07-01", "numChildren": 3 }, "data": { "key": "Z99MVXUV", "version": 1203, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Effects of water status and soil fertility on the C-isotope signature in Pinus radiata", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. L.", "lastName": "Korol" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. U. F.", "lastName": "Kirschbaum" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. D.", "lastName": "Farquhar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M.", "lastName": "Jeffreys" } ], "abstractNote": "The efficiency with which trees use water is a major determinant of growth under water-limited conditions. We investigated whether increased access to water and nutrients alters water-use efficiency in Pinus radiata D. Don. Intrinsic transpiration efficiency, defined here as the ratio of CO2 assimilated and water transpired at a given vapor pressure deficit, is determined by the difference between ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (ci). The mean value of ci/ca can be inferred from an analysis of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in wood samples.\nA total of 117 trees, growing at sites with widely varying soil and climatic conditions in Australia and New Zealand, were cored and distinct annual rings were analyzed for their carbon isotope ratio, and correlated with rainfall during the July–June growing season in the year in which the wood was grown. Where possible, carbon isotope ratios were compared for different years within the same trees.\nThe ci/ca ratio decreased with decreasing water availability, suggesting that intrinsic transpiration efficiency increased with decreasing water availability. An increase in growing season rainfall of 900 mm resulted in an increase in Δ of about 2.0‰, corresponding to a decrease in intrinsic transpiration efficiency of approximately 24%. A stronger relationship was obtained when carbon isotope discrimination was expressed as a function of the ratio of rainfall to potential transpiration. Carbon isotope discrimination was also negatively correlated with mean annual vapor pressure deficit at different sites. In contrast, nutrient availability had no significant effect on carbon isotope discrimination.", "publicationTitle": "Tree Physiology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "07/01/1999", "volume": "19", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "551-562", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Tree Physiol", "DOI": "10.1093/treephys/19.9.551", "citationKey": "korolEffectsWaterStatus1999", "url": "http://treephys.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/9/551", "accessDate": "2013-07-25T18:14:51Z", "PMID": "12651529", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0829-318X, 1758-4469", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "treephys.oxfordjournals.org", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00144", "tags": [ { "tag": "carbon isotope discrimination", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "delta", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "intercellular CO2 concentration", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "monterey pine", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nutrient availability", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "transpiration efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "tree growth", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "water availability", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-25T18:14:51Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:39Z" } }, { "key": "Z4WSKTG4", "version": 1204, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/Z4WSKTG4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/Z4WSKTG4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ruser et al.", "parsedDate": "2006-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "Z4WSKTG4", "version": 1204, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Emission of N2O, N2 and CO2 from soil fertilized with nitrate: effect of compaction, soil moisture and rewetting", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Ruser" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "H.", "lastName": "Flessa" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Russow" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G.", "lastName": "Schmidt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", "lastName": "Buegger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J.C.", "lastName": "Munch" } ], "abstractNote": "Soil compaction and soil moisture are important factors influencing denitrification and N2O emission from fertilized soils. We analyzed the combined effects of these factors on the emission of N2O, N2 and CO2 from undisturbed soil cores fertilized with N 15 O 3 − (150 kg N ha−1) in a laboratory experiment. The soil cores were collected from differently compacted areas in a potato field, i.e. the ridges (ρD=1.03 g cm−3), the interrow area (ρD=1.24 g cm−3), and the tractor compacted interrow area (ρD=1.64 g cm−3), and adjusted to constant soil moisture levels between 40 and 98% water-filled pore space (WFPS). High N2O emissions were a result of denitrification and occurred at a WFPS≥70% in all compaction treatments. N2 production occurred only at the highest soil moisture level (≥90% WFPS) but it was considerably smaller than the N2O–N emission in most cases. There was no soil moisture effect on CO2 emission from the differently compacted soils with the exception of the highest soil moisture level (98% WFPS) of the tractor-compacted soil in which soil respiration was significantly reduced. The maximum N2O emission rates from all treatments occurred after rewetting of dry soil. This rewetting effect increased with the amount of water added. The results show the importance of increased carbon availability and associated respiratory O2 consumption induced by soil drying and rewetting for the emissions of N2O.", "publicationTitle": "Soil Biology and Biochemistry", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2006", "volume": "38", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "263-274", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Soil Biology and Biochemistry", "DOI": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.05.005", "citationKey": "ruserEmissionN2ON22006", "url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038071705001975", "accessDate": "2013-04-15T16:49:31Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0038-0717", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Emission of N2O, N2 and CO2 from soil fertilized with nitrate", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "ScienceDirect", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [ { "tag": "15N", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bulk density", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Denitrification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "N fertilizer", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "N2", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "N2O", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Rewetting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil moisture", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Soil respiration", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-15T16:49:31Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:38Z" } }, { "key": "XX4XSR66", "version": 1204, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/XX4XSR66", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/XX4XSR66", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1256829, "username": "tmaxwell", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/tmaxwell", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Handley and Raven", "parsedDate": "1992", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XX4XSR66", "version": 1204, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The use of natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes in plant physiology and ecology", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "L. L.", "lastName": "Handley" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. A.", "lastName": "Raven" } ], "abstractNote": "Nitrogen stable isotope (15N, 14N) natural abundance has been much less used than carbon isotopes (13C, 12C) in plant physiology and ecology. Analytical problems, the lower fractional abundance of 15N than of 13C in the biosphere, the greater complexity of the N cycle relative to the C cycle, and smaller expressed discriminations in nature, are contributing factors. The major N pools, globally, have different isotope signatures: atmospheric N2 is 15N-depleted relative to organic N (including sedimentary N), a situation resulting from a greater expressed discrimination in the organic N to N2 (via denitrification) reaction than of diazotrophy during accumulation of the reduced N. Essentially all of the enzymes except nitrogenase which transform N compounds show discrimination against 15N, although for glutamine synthetase, and the amination of 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate, this is only seen in terms of NH4+ rather than the true substrate, NH3. Discrimination is expressed in various N interconversions within plants, leading to substantial differences in δ15N (up to 12‰) among N compounds and macroscopic plant parts. N isotope fractionation during assimilation of exogenous combined N is often much lower than that expected from studies of isolated enzymes due to processes which show very little discrimination, such as limitation by transport through aqueous solution and membranes. Application of 15N/14N discrimination studies to plant ecology have concentrated largely on distinguishing diazotrophy from N supplied from combined N, based on the lower 15N/14N in diazotrophs due to the higher 15N/14N of combined N sources not being offset by fractionation during uptake. While potentially very useful, a number of pitfalls are discussed in its ecological use in both terrestrial and aquatic systems. N isotope discrimination is also useful in tracking N through food webs, and hence, back to combined N sources for plants.", "publicationTitle": "Plant, Cell & Environment", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1992", "volume": "15", "issue": "9", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "965–985", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01650.x", "citationKey": "handleyUseNaturalAbundance1992", "url": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01650.x/abstract", "accessDate": "2013-07-25T22:46:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1365-3040", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "Wiley Online Library", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00416", "tags": [ { "tag": "14N", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "15N", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "ammonium assimilation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "dentrification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "diazotrophy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "isotope fractionation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "natural abundance", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nitrate assimilation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "nitrogen cycle", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "trophic levels", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-07-25T22:46:59Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:37Z" } }, { "key": "XKB4ZTNR", "version": 1204, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/XKB4ZTNR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/XKB4ZTNR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mosier et al.", "parsedDate": "1998", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "XKB4ZTNR", "version": 1204, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Closing the global N2O budget: nitrous oxide emissions through the agricultural nitrogen cycle", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arvin", "lastName": "Mosier" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carolien", "lastName": "Kroeze" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Cindy", "lastName": "Nevison" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Oene", "lastName": "Oenema" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sybil", "lastName": "Seitzinger" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Oswald", "lastName": "Van Cleemput" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Nutrient cycling in Agroecosystems", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1998", "volume": "52", "issue": "2-3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "225–248", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "mosierClosingGlobalN2O1998", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1009740530221", "accessDate": "2013-05-01T20:51:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Closing the global N2O budget", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00951", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": { "owl:sameAs": "http://zotero.org/groups/164738/items/IGGDEE85" }, "dateAdded": "2013-05-01T20:51:47Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:36Z" } }, { "key": "XJHZ3QW3", "version": 1204, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/XJHZ3QW3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/XJHZ3QW3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mitloehner et al.", "parsedDate": "2009", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XJHZ3QW3", "version": 1204, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Direct measurements improve estimates of dairy greenhouse-gas emissions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "F.", 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"XJ2APFSU", "version": 1204, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/XJ2APFSU", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/XJ2APFSU", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 394125, "username": "steve.culman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/steve.culman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Grandy et al.", "parsedDate": "2006", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "XJ2APFSU", "version": 1204, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Do productivity and environmental trade-offs justify periodically cultivating no-till cropping systems?", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "A. S.", "lastName": "Grandy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "G. P.", "lastName": "Robertson" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "K. D.", "lastName": "Thelen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Agronomy Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2006", "volume": "98", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1377-1383", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2134/agronj2006.0137", "citationKey": "grandyProductivityEnvironmentalTradeoffs2006", "url": "https://www.agronomy.org/publications/aj/abstracts/98/6/1377", "accessDate": "2012-07-11T19:03:47Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1435-0645", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00061", "tags": [], "collections": [ "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-12T23:30:29Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:34Z" } }, { "key": "X85NM2Z4", "version": 1204, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/X85NM2Z4", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/X85NM2Z4", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1230144, "username": "vanhaden", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/vanhaden", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Firestone et al.", "parsedDate": "1979", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "X85NM2Z4", "version": 1204, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Influence of Nitrate, Nitrite, and Oxygen on the Composition of the Gaseous Products of Denitrification in Soil1", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. K.", "lastName": "Firestone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "M. S.", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. B.", "lastName": "Firestone" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "J. M.", "lastName": "Tiedje" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Soil Science Society of America Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1979", "volume": "43", "issue": "6", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1140", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300060016x", "citationKey": "firestoneInfluenceNitrateNitrite1979", "url": "https://www.soils.org/publications/sssaj/abstracts/43/6/SS0430061140?search-result=1", "accessDate": "2013-11-14T20:39:28Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0361-5995", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "CrossRef", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00000", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-11-14T20:39:28Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:33Z" } }, { "key": "X78F54CD", "version": 1204, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136872, "name": "Duke GHG Emissions Project", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136872/items/X78F54CD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/duke_ghg_emissions_project/items/X78F54CD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 394125, "username": "steve.culman", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/steve.culman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 1256949, "username": "hwaterhouse", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/hwaterhouse", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mulvaney et al.", "parsedDate": "1997-02-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "X78F54CD", "version": 1204, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Nitrogen fertilizers promote denitrification", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R. L.", "lastName": "Mulvaney" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "S. A.", "lastName": "Khan" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C. S.", "lastName": "Mulvaney" } ], "abstractNote": "A laboratory study was conducted to compare the effects of different N fertilizers on emission of N2 and N2O during denitrification of NO3 – in waterlogged soil. Field-moist samples of Drummer silty clay loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) were incubated under aerobic conditions for 0, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, or 42 days with or without addition of unlabelled (NH4)2SO4, urea, NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, NH4NO3 (200 or 1000 mg N kg–1 soil), or liquid anhydrous NH3 (1000 mg N kg–1 soil). The incubated soil samples were then treated with 15N-labelled KNO3 (250 mg N kg–1 soil, 73.7 atom% 15N), and incubation was carried out under waterlogged conditions for 5 days, followed by collection of atmospheric samples for 15N analyses to determine labelled N2 and N2O. Compared to samples incubated without addition of unlabelled N, all of the fertilizers promoted denitrification of 15NO3 –. Emission of labelled N2 and N2O decreased in the order: Anhydrous NH3>urea<>\\gg<> (NH4)2HPO4>(NH4)2SO4≃NH4NO3≃NH4H2PO4. The highest emissions observed with anhydrous NH3 or urea coincided with the presence of NO2 –, and 15N analyses indicated that these emissions originated from NO2 – rather than NO3 –. Emissions of labelled N2 and N2O were significantly correlated with fertilizer effects on soil pH and water-soluble organic C.", "publicationTitle": "Biology and Fertility of Soils", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "1997/02/01", "volume": "24", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "211-220", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Biol Fertil Soils", "DOI": "10.1007/s003740050233", "citationKey": "mulvaneyNitrogenFertilizersPromote1997", "url": "http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003740050233", "accessDate": "2013-04-15T20:42:36Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0178-2762, 1432-0789", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "en", "libraryCatalog": "link.springer.com", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "00111", "tags": [ { "tag": "15N", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fertilizer efficiency", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Key words Denitrification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Labelled dinitrogen", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrification", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Nitrous oxide", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Urea", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Water-soluble organic carbon", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Waterlogged soil", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "MRCG75VJ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-04-15T20:42:36Z", "dateModified": "2015-01-31T12:18:32Z" } } ]