[ { "key": "ATXN5RRD", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136238, "name": "Ling001", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/ATXN5RRD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001/items/ATXN5RRD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 269352, "username": "florentinoz", "name": "Florian Schwarz", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/florentinoz", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Humle and Matsuzawa", "parsedDate": "2002-11", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "ATXN5RRD", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ant-dipping among the chimpanzees of Bossou, Guinea, and some comparisons with other sites", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tatyana", "lastName": "Humle" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tetsuro", "lastName": "Matsuzawa" } ], "abstractNote": "We present a detailed study of ant-dipping among the wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of Bossou, in southeastern Guinea, West Africa. Observations suggest a strong influence of prey (Dorylusspp.) characteristics, including aggressiveness and/or gregariousness, on tool length and technique employed by the chimpanzees. Bossou chimpanzees exhibit two ant-dipping techniques: 1) direct mouthing, and 2) pull-through. In addition, they were observed dipping for several species of Dorylus ants, classed into two categories: Red and Black. Tool length was longer when dipping in higher-risk contexts, i.e., at the ants' nest site or on Black ants. The pull-through technique was almost exclusively associated with dipping at the nest site. This latter technique was associated with tools over 50 cm long, whereas direct mouthing was the only technique observed with tools < 50 cm long. Our experimental findings, together with our observations on the behavior of the chimpanzees, suggest that at the nest, the pull-through technique was a more efficient technique than direct mouthing. We review our results in the context of ant-dipping observed at two other long-term chimpanzee study sites, i.e., Gombe (Tanzania) and Taï (Côte d'Ivoire), where differences in tool length, technique used, and focal Dorylus ant species have been reported. Finally, we urge similar detailed studies of this tool-use behavior in both Gombe and Taï to shed further light upon our results and their implications.", "publicationTitle": "American journal of primatology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2002", "volume": "58", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "133-148", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Am. J. Primatol.", "DOI": "10.1002/ajp.10055", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "12454957", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0275-2565", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Aggression", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ants", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feeding Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Guinea", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pan troglodytes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Predatory Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Species Specificity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-14T13:59:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-01-14T13:59:24Z" } }, { "key": "ZJ6EBHN9", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136238, "name": "Ling001", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/ZJ6EBHN9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001/items/ZJ6EBHN9", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/ATXN5RRD", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 269352, "username": "florentinoz", "name": "Florian Schwarz", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/florentinoz", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "ZJ6EBHN9", "version": 1, "parentItem": "ATXN5RRD", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Link", "accessDate": "2013-01-14T13:59:24Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12454957", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-14T13:59:24Z", "dateModified": "2013-01-14T13:59:24Z" } }, { "key": "KAEUZN3G", "version": 7, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136238, "name": "Ling001", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/KAEUZN3G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001/items/KAEUZN3G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 269352, "username": "florentinoz", "name": "Florian Schwarz", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/florentinoz", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Yamakoshi and Myowa-Yamakoshi", "parsedDate": "2004-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "KAEUZN3G", "version": 7, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "New observations of ant-dipping techniques in wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Gen", "lastName": "Yamakoshi" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Masako", "lastName": "Myowa-Yamakoshi" } ], "abstractNote": "Ant-dipping behavior is often cited as a clear example of chimpanzee culture, since different populations have apparently different dipping techniques (the one-handed method used by chimpanzees in Bossou, Guinea and Taï, Côte d'Ivoire, and the two-handed method used in Gombe, Tanzania). Here we report a new observation of ant-dipping behavior from Bossou using the two-handed method, in addition to the first detailed description of the one-handed method. Although the main dipping pattern was the one-handed method in Bossou, one adult male was observed dipping for ants using the two-handed method, while other chimpanzees employed the conventional one-handed method in the same episode. The two-handed method was also sporadically observed in a juvenile and in adolescents, who were still immature in dipping techniques and hence prone to suffer from ant attacks. Cross-population comparisons of dipping techniques suggest that there are two sub-types of the one-handed method, and the Bossou one-handed technique may be substantially different from that of Taï. In terms of overall behavioral repertoire in ant dipping, the Bossou pattern appears more similar to that of Gombe than Taï. This may be explained by the difference in target ant species.", "publicationTitle": "Primates; journal of primatology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jan 2004", "volume": "45", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "25-32", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Primates", "DOI": "10.1007/s10329-003-0056-6", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "14566573", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0032-8332", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "NCBI PubMed", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Age Factors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Animals", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ants", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Diet", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Feeding Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Guinea", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Pan troglodytes", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Predatory Behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Species Specificity", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-14T13:57:50Z", "dateModified": "2013-01-14T13:57:50Z" } }, { "key": "IX3A96Z3", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136238, "name": "Ling001", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/IX3A96Z3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001/items/IX3A96Z3", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/KAEUZN3G", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 269352, "username": "florentinoz", "name": "Florian Schwarz", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/florentinoz", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "IX3A96Z3", "version": 1, "parentItem": "KAEUZN3G", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "PubMed Link", "accessDate": "2013-01-14T13:57:50Z", "url": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14566573", "note": "", "contentType": "text/html", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-14T13:57:50Z", "dateModified": "2013-01-14T13:57:50Z" } }, { "key": "94BBQFTF", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136238, "name": "Ling001", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/94BBQFTF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001/items/94BBQFTF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 269352, "username": "florentinoz", "name": "Florian Schwarz", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/florentinoz", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Boeckx and Longa", "parsedDate": "2011", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "94BBQFTF", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Lenneberg’s views on language development and evolution and their relevance for modern biolinguistics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "C.", "lastName": "Boeckx" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "V. M.", "lastName": "Longa" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Biolinguistics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2011", "volume": "5", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "254–273", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://biolinguistics.eu/index.php/biolinguistics/article/download/205/219", "accessDate": "2013-01-10T01:53:56Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "Google Scholar", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-10T01:53:56Z", "dateModified": "2013-01-10T01:53:56Z" } }, { "key": "8PTQI8W5", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136238, "name": "Ling001", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/8PTQI8W5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001/items/8PTQI8W5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 269352, "username": "florentinoz", "name": "Florian Schwarz", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/florentinoz", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "8PTQI8W5", "version": 1, "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "imported_file", "title": "205-896-1-PB.pdf", "accessDate": "", "url": "", "note": "", "contentType": "application/pdf", "charset": "", "filename": "205-896-1-PB.pdf", "md5": null, "mtime": null, "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-10T01:53:50Z", "dateModified": "2013-01-10T01:53:50Z" } }, { "key": "SEXFZSST", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 136238, "name": "Ling001", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/136238/items/SEXFZSST", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/ling001/items/SEXFZSST", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 269352, "username": "florentinoz", "name": "Florian Schwarz", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/florentinoz", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Eckert", "parsedDate": "1988-06-01", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SEXFZSST", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Adolescent Social Structure and the Spread of Linguistic Change", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Penelope", "lastName": "Eckert" } ], "abstractNote": "Detailed participant observation among Detroit area adolescents provides explanations for the mechanisms of the spread of sound change outward from urban areas and upward through the socioeconomic hierarchy. The use of local phonological variables in adolescence is determined by a social structure within the age cohort, dominated by two opposed, and frequently polarized, school-based social categories. These categories, called \"Jocks\" and \"Burnouts\" in the school under study, embody middle-class and working-class cultures respectively, and articulate adolescent social structure with adult socioeconomic class. Differences between Jock and Burnout cultures entail differences in social network structure and in orientation to the urban area, and hence to urban sound changes. Parents' socioeconomic class is related to, but does not determine, category affiliation, and while category affiliation is a significant predictor in phonological variation, parents' socioeconomic class is not.", "publicationTitle": "Language in Society", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 1, 1988", "volume": "17", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "183-207", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Language in Society", "DOI": "10.2307/4167922", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4167922", "accessDate": "2013-01-04T18:12:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0047-4045", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "JSTOR", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 1988 Cambridge University Press", "extra": "ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Jun., 1988 / Copyright © 1988 Cambridge University Press", "tags": [], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-07T15:29:08Z", "dateModified": "2013-01-07T15:36:08Z" } } ]