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            "abstractNote": "Total acid content (TAC) is an important index in assessing vinegar quality. This work attempted to determine TAC in vinegar using near infrared spectroscopy. We systematically studied variable selection and nonlinear regression in calibrating regression models. First, the efficient spectra intervals were selected by synergy interval PLS (Si-PLS); then, two nonlinear regression tools, which were extreme learning machine (ELM) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), were attempted. Experiments showed that the model based on ELM and Si-PLS (Si-ELM) was superior to others, and the optimum results were achieved as follows: the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.2486 g/100mL, and the correlation coefficient (R(p)) was 0.9712 in the prediction set. This work demonstrated that the TAC in vinegar could be rapidly measured by NIR spectroscopy and Si-ELM algorithm showed its superiority in model calibration.",
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            "abstractNote": "The phenomenon of skin aging may be categorized broadly into photoaging caused by exogenous factors and physiological aging induced by endogenous factors. A near-infrared diffuse reflectance (NIR-DR) spectroscopy method was recently proposed for non-invasive evaluation of changes that occur within the skin of hairless mice that were divided into an ultraviolet-B (UVB)-irradiated group (photoaging) and a non-irradiated group (physiological aging). In the present study, a non-invasive method to assess changes in human skin was developed and tested. For investigation of photoaging and physiological aging, NIR-DR spectra in the 8000 to 4000 cm(-1) region were measured from the outer forearm (sun-exposed) and the inner upper arm (sun-protected) of 86 females ranging in age from 23 to 69 years. The obtained spectra were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). PCA results suggested that contributions of both types of aging occurring within the skin can be monitored and quantitatively assessed using the 5990 to 5490 and 5000 to 4480 cm(-1) regions of second derivative NIR-DR spectra, respectively. This study demonstrates that for human skin, NIR-DR spectroscopy and PCA may allow non-invasive assessment of the degree of photoaging and physiological aging due to degenerative changes in protein elasticity and reduction in protein quantity, respectively.",
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            "pages": "1159-1164",
            "series": "",
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            "journalAbbreviation": "Anal Sci",
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            "dateAdded": "2012-12-18T18:14:43Z",
            "dateModified": "2012-12-18T18:14:43Z"
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    }
]