![\"\"](\"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-X3I2UbiT80Q/WRN0g4UULsI/AAAAAAAABgc/-QA_-LIb6AULfrdPRyMKpIqIRZugsjioACLcB/s1600/Dave%2BArneson%2B%25282%2529.jpg\")
-----------------------------------------
\n\"jeux de roles\" = 46
\nhttps://theses.fr/resultats?q=Jeux+de+r%C3%B4le&page=1&nb=10&tri=pertinence&domaine=theses
\n-----------------------------------------
\nUtiliser peu de mot et ensuite se limiter par Disciplines
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n
\n
| \n Les classiques des sciences sociales \n | \n\n http://classiques.uqac.ca/ \n | \n\n Sociologie, anthropologie, économie, économie politique, science politique, philosophie sociale et politique \n | \n
| \n Google Books \n | \n\n http://books.google.com/books \n | \n\n Accès partiel ou complet. \n | \n
| \n Internet Archive \n | \n\n http://www.archive.org/details/texts \n | \n\n \n | \n
| \n Gutenberg Project \n | \n\n http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page \n | \n\n Livres dans le domaine public (beaucoup de fictions) \n | \n
| \n Gallica (BNF) \n | \n\n http://gallica.bnf.fr/ \n | \n\n Bibliothèque nationale de France: histoire, littérature, philosophie, économie, etc \n | \n
| \n Europeana \n | \n\n http://www.europeana.eu/portal/ \n | \n\n Institutions européennes \n | \n
| \n OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) \n | \n\n http://www.oapen.org/xtf/home?brand=oapen \n | \n\n Europe, principalement en sciences humaines et sociales \n | \n
| \n The Online Books Page - UPenn \n | \n\n http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ \n | \n\n \n | \n
| \n Digital Book Index \n | \n\n http://digitalbookindex.org/about.htm \n | \n\n \n | \n
| \n Digital Public Library of America \n | \n\n http://dp.la/ \n | \n\n Patrimoine États-Unis \n | \n
| \n DOAB: Directory of | \n\n http://www.doabooks.org/doab \n | \n\n \n | \n
| \n \n | \n\n \n | \n\n \n | \n
| \n Oxford Handbooks Online \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Affaires et gestion, science politique, religion, philosophie, etc. \n | \n
| \n Ebrary \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Éditeurs canadiens \n | \n
| \n eBook Collection \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Sciences sociales et humaines (72 %), technologie (15 %) et sciences pures et biomédicales (13 %) \n | \n
| \n Harmathèque \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Sciences humaines et sociales \n | \n
| \n ACLS Humanities E-book \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Sciences humaines et sociales \n | \n
| \n Springer Ebook Collection \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Tous les domaines (medicine, bio, chimie,…) \n | \n
| \n Eighteenth Century Collections Online \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Histoire, géographie, littérature, philosophie, religion, droit, art et science \n | \n
| \n Books 24X7 \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Sciences de l'information, informatique \n | \n
| \n CIAO - Columbia International Affairs Online \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Relations internationales \n | \n
| \n Past Masters \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Philosophie \n | \n
| \n ARTFL Project - University of Chicago \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Littérature \n | \n
| \n Literature Online Fulltext - LION (Chadwyck) \n | \n\n Via Maestro \n | \n\n Littérature \n\n | \n
\n
Games : très haut niveau mathématique, théorie des jeux. décision, intéractions stratégiques
\nSimulation and Gaming
\nPhD&D Journal : http://www.phdnd.org/phdd-journal.html
\nAnalog Games Studies
\nGame Studies http://gamestudies.org/
\nGames & Culture
\nIJRP
\nSciences du Jeu https://journals.openedition.org/sdj/
\n\n
Loading
\nJournal of Virtual Worlds Research
\nNew Media & Society
\n\n
First Person Scholar + Press Start for grad students
Game Journal https://www.gamejournal.it/about/about-eng/
\n
build on https://www.facebook.com/groups/roleplaytheorystudygroup/ (Steven Dashiell)
\n\n\n
\n\n
\n
", "tags": [], "collections": [ "UPF5APP4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-09-21T18:18:52Z" } }, { "key": "KW6TNBGQ", "version": 473, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/KW6TNBGQ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/KW6TNBGQ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5851679, "username": "pascaliensis", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascaliensis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "KW6TNBGQ", "version": 473, "itemType": "note", "note": "
Créée en 2006, la Revue d’anthropologie des connaissances (RAC) favorise la publication de textes mobilisant des approches et des méthodes dans différentes disciplines de sciences humaines et sociales pour conduire l’étude de la production, de la circulation et de la mobilisation des connaissances dans les sociétés contemporaines dans toutes aires géographiques. Cette revue trimestrielle est éditée par la Société d’anthropologie des connaissances.
\nhttps://journals.openedition.org/rac/
\n\n
https://paxsims.wordpress.com/2020/08/11/ludogogy/
", "tags": [], "collections": [ "UPF5APP4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-09-21T18:18:42Z" } }, { "key": "BKCREIS6", "version": 472, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/BKCREIS6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/BKCREIS6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 5851679, "username": "pascaliensis", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascaliensis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BKCREIS6", "version": 472, "itemType": "note", "note": "Isabelle Borsus et Greg Pogorzelski
\n\n
Merci beaucoup pour votre retour.
\nJe viens de parcourir votre blogue en vitesse : quel travail ! C'est un outil précieux. Et le verbatim de Critical Role a l'air assez intéressant, merci aussi pour ce lien.
\nTrès cordialement,
\nIsabelle Borsus
\n\n
------------------------------------
\nAssistante
\nFaculté des Sciences Sociales (FASS)
\nLaboratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale et Culturelle (LASC) Université de Liège Place des orateurs, 3 (B31,Quartier Agora) - 4000 LIEGE
\nBureau: 3/52
\nTel: 04 366 31 71
\n\n
----- Mail original -----
\nDe: \"pascal martinolli\" <pascal.martinolli@umontreal.ca>
\nÀ: \"Borsus Isabelle\" <iborsus@uliege.be>
\nEnvoyé: Lundi 21 Septembre 2020 15:33:53
\nObjet: RE: ORBi : Demande de tire a part / Request for off-print(s)
\n\n
Bonjour,
\n\n
Je vous remercie. Je tiens un blogue où je fais une petite veille universitaire sur les jeux de rôle à mon temps perdu : https://jdr.hypotheses.org/
\n\n
J'ai bien aimé votre article pour son approche anthropologique. Une piste de recherche qui pourrait prolonger votre recherche serait une analyse linguistique des conversations d'une campagne de jdr. Hélas, je n'ai pas les outils pour le faire mais il existe au moins un ensemble de données structurées pour cela : le verbatim de Critical Role https://github.com/RevanthRameshkumar/CRD3
\n\n
Très cordialement,
\nPascal Martinolli
\n\n
\n
Pascal MARTINOLLI
\nBibliothécaire | Instruction librarian
\nBibliothèque des lettres et sciences humaines
\n\n
514 343-6111, poste 3273
\npascal.martinolli@umontreal.ca
\n\n
Pavillon Samuel-Bronfman
\n3000 rue Jean Brillant
\nBureau 1097, Montréal
\nC.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal QC H3C 3J7
\n\n
\n
\n
\n
-----Message d'origine-----
\nDe : iborsus@uliege.be <iborsus@uliege.be>
\nEnvoyé : 21 septembre 2020 02:23
\nÀ : Martinolli Pascal <pascal.martinolli@umontreal.ca>
\nObjet : Fwd: ORBi : Demande de tire a part / Request for off-print(s)
\n\n
Bonjour,
\nJe viens de recevoir une notification indiquant que vous souhaiteriez consulter mon article.
\nJe vous informe qu'il est disponible en Open Access sur le site de la revue via le lien suivant : https://www.espacestemps.net/articles/le-jeu-de-role-comme-espace-potentiel-contribution-a-une-anthropologie-de-lenchantement/
\n\n
J'espère que le contenu pourra vous aider, n'hésitez pas à faire des commentaires !
\n\n
Bien à vous,
\nIsabelle Borsus
\n\n
------------------------------------
\nAssistante
\nFaculté des Sciences Sociales (FASS)
\nLaboratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale et Culturelle (LASC) Université de Liège Place des orateurs, 3 (B31,Quartier Agora) - 4000 LIEGE
\nBureau: 3/52
\nTel: 04 366 31 71
\n", "tags": [], "collections": [ "CGW28AVC" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-09-21T13:34:45Z", "dateModified": "2020-09-21T14:26:57Z" } }, { "key": "BDXUMLCC", "version": 468, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/BDXUMLCC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/BDXUMLCC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5851679, "username": "pascaliensis", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascaliensis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BDXUMLCC", "version": 468, "itemType": "note", "note": "
Principales cotes de classement des livres sur mon sujet dans les bibliothèques. Furetez autour de ces emplacements dans les rayons des bibliothèques que vous hantez.
\n\n
BF: psychologie
\nL : Education
\nGV: Jeux
\n\n\n
\n
\n
Cotes LC générales ici : http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco/ Plus précisément : Library of Congress Authorities http://authorities.loc.gov/webvoy.htm
\nDewey : http://www.ebsi.umontreal.ca/jetrouve/biblio/dewey.htm
\nPasser de l’une à l’autre : http://www.questionpoint.org/crs/html/help/it/ask/ask_map_lcctoddc.html
\n", "tags": [], "collections": [ "UPF5APP4" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-09-16T18:49:26Z" } }, { "key": "7A23T4WH", "version": 476, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/7A23T4WH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/7A23T4WH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 5851679, "username": "pascaliensis", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascaliensis", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mäyrä", "parsedDate": "2017", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7A23T4WH", "version": 476, "itemType": "bookSection", "title": "Dialogue and Interaction in Role-Playing Games: Playful Communication as Ludic Culture", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Frans", "lastName": "Mäyrä" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Jarmila", "lastName": "Mildorf" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Thomas", "lastName": "Bronwen" } ], "abstractNote": "", "bookTitle": "Dialogue across Media", "series": "Dialogue Studies: 28", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "ix, 296 pp.", "edition": "", "date": "2017", "publisher": "John Benjamins", "place": "Amsterdam, Netherlands", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "pages": "271-290", "ISBN": "978-90-272-1045-6", "DOI": "10.1075/ds.28.14may", "citationKey": "", "url": "https://search.proquest.com/docview/1999199539", "accessDate": "2018-02-09T14:59:30Z", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Dialogue and Interaction in Role-Playing Games", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "English language (Modern)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "_TRPG" }, { "tag": "_cleaned" }, { "tag": "_communication" }, { "tag": "_research" }, { "tag": "dialogue", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "role playing games", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "stylistics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "GHNXZXZW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "529IQLYM", "version": 454, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/529IQLYM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/529IQLYM", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/7A23T4WH", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "529IQLYM", "version": 454, "parentItem": "7A23T4WH", "itemType": "attachment", "linkMode": "linked_url", "title": "ResearchGate Link", "accessDate": "2018-04-12T19:42:22Z", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313013044_Dialogue_and_interaction_in_role-playing_games_Playful_communication_as_Ludic_culture", "note": "", "contentType": "", "charset": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "BYZV2NRK", "version": 453, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/BYZV2NRK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/BYZV2NRK", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/KHCRP49L", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "BYZV2NRK", "version": 453, "parentItem": "KHCRP49L", "itemType": "note", "note": "
reçu individuellement, ne pas distribuer
\nattente de commentaire après ma lecture
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "H9CR27SZ", "version": 453, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/H9CR27SZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/H9CR27SZ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/5MJDEYB7", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "H9CR27SZ", "version": 453, "parentItem": "5MJDEYB7", "itemType": "note", "note": "p.124 \"Visitation fictions recognized the appetite of fantasy readers in the 1960s to interact with these fantasy worlds—not merely as passive observers, but as protagonists. Fantasy was never content to be confined to the page. Fantastic adventure is too exciting, too immersive, to be appreciated only from afar: its fans wanted to get involved with it.\"
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "37MQGQNR", "version": 453, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/37MQGQNR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/37MQGQNR", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/RQ2PKB47", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "37MQGQNR", "version": 453, "parentItem": "RQ2PKB47", "itemType": "note", "note": "Revue de jeux de rôles Runes #5 (septembre / octobre 1983):
Attention ! La pratique de Donions et Dragons est dangereuse ! Même meurtrière, s'il faut en croire les parents d'un
jeune américain de 16 ans qui s'est suicidé l'année dernière peu de temps après avoir joué une partie au cours de
laquelle ses partenaires lui avaient jeté un sort de malédiction. Une perquisition de la police dans la chambre de
l'adolescent disparu a permis de trouver une foule de personnages et objets du fameux jeu de société. C'est
pourquoi, un an après sa mort, ses parents exigent un millions de dollars de dommages et intérêts de la firme T.S.R.
qui est responsable, selon eux, de cet événement navrant. lls affirment que, parce que leur jeune fils souffrait de
troubles psychologiques graves, le sort jeté sur lui par ses partenaires a provoqué un désarroi affectif et
émotionnel qui est à l'origine de son suicide à quelques jours de ses examens. Dans cette pénible affaire, seul M.
Robert Landa, avocat de l'association anti-D&D Sending America Light and Truth n'a pas été surpris : Mon tiroir
est plein d'histoires incroyables de personnes qui ont été victimes du rôle qu'elles ont joué dans Donjons et Dragons.
Ce jeu est devenu en fait un mode de vie relevant de la sorcellerie et de la magie noire. Gasp !
Au cours du mois d'août 1983, un grand quotidien français, le Matin de Paris, a publié sous le titre Donjons et
Dragons : mourir pour un jeu, un article qui relatait cette histoire. Profitant de l'occasion pour expliquer à ses
lecteurs ce qu'est ce jeu dangereux, le journaliste, bien informé, présenta D&D comme ( un jeu obscur dont les
implications psychologiques sont certaines qu'elles soient positives ou négatives. ll continue en disant que ce
jeu \" a fait des adeptes dans des milieux dits intellectuels \" et qu'il invite les joueurs à devenir n des personnages
mystiques dotés de certains pouvoirs magiques dans le cadre de scènes imaginées par un maître de cérémonies.
C'est ainsi que les participants peuvent goûter les délices cataleptiques du jeu. Une description si objective
dans le simple but d'alerter les parents sur les dangers d'un tel jeu nous a paru très généreuse car il est rare que
la grande Presse s'intéresse à cette activité qui touche un public, hélas ! de plus en plus nombreux.
http://odd74.proboards.com/thread/12316/dave-arneson-true-genius
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\n\"
\nOur best insight into this question comes from an article Gygax published soon after the first edition of Dungeons & Dragons in the fall of 1974 entitled, handily enough, “Fantasy Wargaming and the Influence of J.R.R. Tolkien.” [LV:v1n4] In that piece Gygax questions whether or not Tolkien invented the definitive fantasy setting:
\nMost hobbyists who are in the least interested in playing fantasy games will tend to consider Tolkien as the ultimate authority and his writings as sacrosanct. Is this position actually deserved? At the risk of being called all sorts of foul blasphemer, I think not… What is in question… is whether or not his fantasy creatures such as hobbits, dwarves, elves, goblins, orcs, trolls, and so on as found in his writings are unimpeachable; whether or not his treatment of heroes and magicians is such as to disallow any other.
\nThe first question we must ask about this piece is why Gygax penned it. He gives us a strong clue near the start by discussing the reception of Chainmail. He relates that while its “brief rules were aimed primarily at the battles found in the Tolkien books,” they admitted a secondary focus on Howard and other fantasy writers as well, such that “the rules are not limited to any single mythos or author’s fantasy creation.” Gygax consequently laments that “despite these very clear prefatory statements, not a few readers complained that the work did not follow Tolkien!” As was noted above, Gygax had already complained about the reception of Chainmail back in 1972, in the pages of Wargamer’s Newsletter: “Tolkien purists will not find these rules entirely satisfactory, I believe, for many of the fantastic creatures do not follow his ‘specifications’, mainly because I believe that other writers were as ‘authoritative’ as he.” [WGN:#127] It is easy to imagine that most gamers who played Chainmail had read Tolkien, but fewer had other experience with fantasy literature—thus, when they encountered creatures like the troll of Chainmail, which is indebted to the vicious and resilient creatures in Poul Anderson’s Three Hearts and Three Lions rather than to the bumbling trolls in The Hobbit, they interpreted the design of the creature as a simple error. Gygax apparently found these sorts of complaints exasperating, and they may have steered him to deemphasize Tolkien in creating Dungeons & Dragons.
\nTo this effect, Gygax openly asserts of Chainmail and Dungeons & Dragons that “the first is very much more influenced by the works of Professor Tolkien than is the second.” [LV:v1n4] This is an important claim, and one which merits deeper analysis. The mere fact that this is Gygax’s opinion goes a long way toward explaining why the former work acknowledges such an explicit debt to Tolkien and the latter does not. However, Gygax cannot deny the reality that, in the absence of Tolkien, there would be no market for fantasy gaming. Indeed, he does “readily acknowledge the debt owed to J.R.R. Tolkien as far as popularizing fantasy” and notes that both of his games “for their popularity… lean not inconsiderably upon [Tolkien’s] creations.” Remembering the state of obscurity in which fantasy literature languished before 1965, it seems improbable that Chainmail or Dungeons & Dragons could have found a broad, positive reception without the monumental popularity of Tolkien. What Gygax does suggest, however, is that in much the same way that other fantasy authors reaped the rewards of a market seeded by Tolkien in the late 1960s, so too could Dungeons & Dragons sell to Tolkien’s fans a game weighted toward the creations of other fantasy authors.
\nWho were these other authors? In “Fantasy Wargaming,” Gygax helpfully provides a list of the most significant authors, all names familiar from the account of fantasy literature earlier in this chapter: “Besides Howard whom I have already mentioned, there are the likes of Poul Anderson, L. Sprague de Camp (and Fletcher Pratt), Fritz Leiber, H. P. Lovecraft, A. Merritt, Michael Moorcock, Jack Vance, and Roger Zelazny.” [206] Using selections from their collective canon as examples, Gygax then embarks on a series of arguments to illustrate why Tolkien is not as good a basis for fantasy wargaming as the works of these other authors. First, he asserts that “the ‘Ring Trilogy’ is not fast paced.” The Lord of the Rings is indeed not a vivid adventure narrative in the stamp of Treasure Island, but more of a historical chronicle. Second, he tackles the depiction of heroes and wizards and the lack of any religious element. The heroic figures of Tolkien, he argues, are “not of the ‘Conan‘ stamp,” and do not strike him as the sorts of characters with whom a participant in a fantasy game should identify. Tolkien’s wizards, he says, are “either rather ineffectual or else they lurk in their strongholds working magical spells which seem to have little if any effect while their gross or stupid minions bungle their plans for supremacy.” The absence of religion in the Lord of the Rings is another respect in which it is followed more closely by Chainmail (which has no concept of a religious miniature figure ‘type’) than by Dungeons & Dragons. Third, Gygax argues that “outside the framework of the tale many of Tolkien’s creatures are not very exciting or different.” The aforementioned trolls are one. He complains that giants are largely glossed over by Tolkien yet have tremendous potential in fantasy settings. Finally, Gygax stresses that Tolkien’s elves “are actually far more like English fairies than anything else,” and that wargaming required a very different vision of elves.
\nThis is not to suggest that Gygax believed the Lord of the Rings got everything wrong. He enthusiastically endorses Tolkien’s version of goblins, dragons and especially dwarves. Among Tolkien’s original creations, Gygax esteems the barrow wights, Nazgûl, balrog, ents and hobbits, all of which he faithfully reproduced in Chainmail. However, he adamantly resists a dogmatic elevation of Tolkien to an authority over fantasy, insisting instead that fantasy wargaming should be “a blend of all these fantastic worlds and creatures, especially devised for recreating fantasy in game form.”
\nGygax’s points of contention with Tolkien’s fantasy world echo those expressed by the authors whom he champions: a group that found themselves in the awkward position of being simultaneously indebted to Tolkien for the boost in their sales yet reluctant to embrace his approach to the genre. Gygax certainly was not the first to claim that the Lord of the Rings suffered from serious pacing problems: Fritz Leiber praised the beginning of the series, especially bits with the Nazgûl and the balrog, but then when he searches his memory for later notable events, “exciting things should spring to mind, but they don’t.” [207] In fairness, however, we should remember that The Hobbit is as significant a potential influence as Tolkien’s later trilogy, and where Frodo’s quest explores deep questions about the use of power and the nature of evil in a protracted and sometimes ponderous mythical narrative, Bilbo’s far briefer adventure is a more light-hearted romp of treasure-seeking dwarves and slain monsters. As we shall explore later in Section 2.5, Bilbo’s adventure comes much closer to the spirit of Dungeons & Dragons, not in the least part because it prominently features both dungeons and dragons.
\nOther criticisms by fantasy authors of the day cut a bit deeper. In his Imaginary Worlds, Lin Carter submits that “Tolkien is not much of an artist when it comes to prose style” (though it is embarrassing for Carter to cast that particular stone, especially at an Oxford don) and that his portrayal of evil is “flimsy and two-dimensional.” Carter dedicates quite a long passage to the absurdity of religion’s absence from the Lord of the Rings, a critique that encompasses a veritable catalog of all previous fantasy fiction, demonstrating the universality of religion and the incredibility that it should not flourish in the bellicose medieval societies of Middle-earth. Michael Moorcock is perhaps most damning, and most aligned with the expected stance of the counterculture, in his judgment that the Lord of the Rings is “a pernicious confirmation of the values of a morally bankrupt middle-class.” When Moorcock reviewed both The Broken Sword and the Lord of the Rings near their time of release, he noted that “Anderson’s book impressed me so powerfully that I couldn’t enjoy Tolkien’s… I couldn’t take Tolkien seriously.” [208]
\nThe basis of Moorcock’s critique in particular reminds us of the counterculture’s seemingly hypocritical acceptance of a work with so many reactionary elements. If Led Zeppelin’s often-confused references are any indication, the popular embrace of the Lord of the Rings was not slavishly faithful to Tolkien’s work as much as to a more general impression of its meaning, a message that spread rapidly and anecdotally through the counterculture. Weighing in at half a million words, spread in common editions over some twelve hundred pages, the complete trilogy must have been more admired than read—to take that one step further, in some respects the work itself may have been ancillary to the extra-literary sense of the setting it imparted and the tremendous attraction that this magical world exerted on the minds of readers.
\n\"
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", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "I4BUSVK2", "version": 453, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/I4BUSVK2", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/I4BUSVK2", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/Q36WXNTR", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "I4BUSVK2", "version": 453, "parentItem": "Q36WXNTR", "itemType": "note", "note": "Originally published: Roleplaying in psychotherapy. Chicago : Aldine, c1966, in series: Modern applications of psychology
", "tags": [ { "tag": "_therapy" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "CYVZYUDT", "version": 453, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/CYVZYUDT", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/CYVZYUDT", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/EQRR62RM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "CYVZYUDT", "version": 453, "parentItem": "EQRR62RM", "itemType": "note", "note": "https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/34875598-dave-arneson-s-true-genius
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "VF7NTNUJ", "version": 453, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/VF7NTNUJ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/VF7NTNUJ", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/EQRR62RM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "VF7NTNUJ", "version": 453, "parentItem": "EQRR62RM", "itemType": "note", "note": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "DXNCU956", "version": 453, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/DXNCU956", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/DXNCU956", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/EQRR62RM", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "DXNCU956", "version": 453, "parentItem": "EQRR62RM", "itemType": "note", "note": "\n\n\nYou have, I feel, given the best definition of what it is that we do. Describing to others why we sit around a table and play pretend either ends well or it doesn't. You also identify and clarify thoughts that I have had about the system for years but in a concise way which both strengthens and expands what I have been grasping at for so long.\n
I had taken a very long break from gaming, and when I came back to it, I played MUCH differently than I did as a youngster. The game functions better, we took our time and just did what we wanted to. You go into a house to search it, there is no dice for that now, I make the player search it. One of the club's founding members returned for a game, he had heard that it wasn't just a hack and slash anymore and he got curious about it. During play he'd try old tactics that rely on dice, and would get frustrated when I forced him to use his brain instead; however, the very next session he came back ready to go.
I had a hard time grasping what I did, what was different, and I finally figured it out! I allowed the player's thoughts and ideas to become more important to the game than the dice. If the player can't mentally accomplish a goal, or just becomes overwhelmed, we can always use the dice, but we don't have to. People come first, not the system. This philosophy, once it takes hold, changes the dynamics of the game in a positive way. This book really reinforces this principle, and even extends my personal awareness of how far this knowledge can really take us.
Thank you!
| \n
| Copyright Three Line Studios | \n
Cecilie Nemeth
Denmark, Herning
Roleplayer and Cand. Ped. Fil student. Working on a major academical work about EDU-LARP and Pedagogy and the project to introduce Roleplay within the UC edducations is part of this academical work. So far I’ve hosted three workshops for pedagogy students as well as a weekend event with two classical social roleplays.
Three linked essays forming the first major treatise on David L. Arneson, the man behind the role playing frenzy that swept the nation 1974 onward and that continues to this very day world wide; and all of it, as revealed herein, based upon a unique systems architecture he invented and utilized for his make believe campaign world, Blackmoor, circa 1971.
\n\n
This extensively researched work reveals:
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That Arneson broke with 2,000 years of game design history and theory by creating and implementing a transcendent systems structure never before conceived of in the history of games or play. The author examines and explains Arneson’s evolutionary systems architecture.
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That the design dimension qualities of Arneson’s systems structure are still in their embryonic stages due to his original concept being redacted for a less robust system, and by the very company which was catapulted from a basement concern to a near 1 million dollar business almost “overnight” while at first championing it.
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That outstanding claims that the RPG concept, as first made available commercially as Original Dungeons & Dragons™ in 1974, is descended from the game Chainmail are incorrect and stem from assumptive leaps of logic not consonant with design theory or systems theory. Both of the latter’s knowledge bases are utilized by the author to debunk this ongoing fallacy.
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Included as addenda to this work is a section and chapter outline, including select samples, from the author’s upcoming and much larger work, A New Ethos in Game Design: The Paradigm Shift Originated by Dungeons & Dragons™, 1972-1977.
\n", "tags": [ { "tag": "_dnd" } ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "EYPCK2EG", "version": 452, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/EYPCK2EG", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/EYPCK2EG", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/N73N7P26", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EYPCK2EG", "version": 452, "parentItem": "N73N7P26", "itemType": "note", "note": "https://www.facebook.com/pg/osterskov/videos/
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "TE98K6WH", "version": 452, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/TE98K6WH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/TE98K6WH", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/XAW6YI56", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TE98K6WH", "version": 452, "parentItem": "XAW6YI56", "itemType": "note", "note": "Bart Giethoorn
Delft, The Netherlands
“I teach physics on a high school level. Six years ago I started to experiment with gamification, and have been learning and developing my expertise ever since. For over two years I’ve been training other teachers in using game techniques in their lesson designs. Currently I’m seeking to combine roleplaying elements with other game and gamification techniques, and want to use my experience in the latter to strengthen the former.”
faire un Game of Academics publications
", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } }, { "key": "477UVEXF", "version": 452, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 130960, "name": "ZotLog", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/477UVEXF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/zotlog/items/477UVEXF", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/130960/items/NGQJ44A6", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 65398, "username": "pascal007ou", "name": "Pascal Martinolli", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/pascal007ou", "type": "text/html" } } }, "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "477UVEXF", "version": 452, "parentItem": "NGQJ44A6", "itemType": "note", "note": "", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z", "dateModified": "2020-08-13T01:11:43Z" } } ]