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‘normal’ (for example, Interview 2, Klappen) ¨ and/or ‘reasonable’ (for example Interview 10, Orsa). Participants pants used terms such as ‘normal’ (for example, Interview 2, Klappen) ¨ and/or ‘reasonable’ (for example Interview 10, Orsa). Participants described (for example, Interview 2, Klappen) ¨ and/or ‘reasonable’ (for example Interview 10, Orsa). Participants described trail passes as a natural result of the labour and financial investment it (for example Interview 10, Orsa). Participants described trail passes as a natural result of the labour and financial investment it took to prepare the trails. Many interviewees spontaneously stated a passes as a natural result of the labour and financial investment it took to prepare the trails. Many interviewees spontaneously stated a disconnection between allemansratten ¨ and access to groomed trails by prepare the trails. Many interviewees spontaneously stated a disconnection between allemansratten ¨ and access to groomed trails by purchasing a trail pass. pontaneously stated a disconnection between allemansratten ¨ and access to groomed trails by purchasing a trail pass. ‘I don’t see anything wrong with that [trail passes] from that perspective because […], the trade [sic: trail] pass doesn’t provide me with the forest, ything wrong with that [trail passes] from that perspective because […], the trade [sic: trail] pass doesn’t provide me with the forest, the trail pass provides me, prepared tracks. And of course […] they don’t […], the trade [sic: trail] pass doesn’t provide me with the forest, the trail pass provides me, prepared tracks. And of course […] they don’t come with nature, [ …] someone has to prepare them. […]. I mean, you pass provides me, prepared tracks. And of course […] they don’t come with nature, [ …] someone has to prepare them. […]. I mean, you don’t pay to actually get access to the woods, that’s not what you pay for.’ , [ …] someone has to prepare them. […]. I mean, you don’t pay to actually get access to the woods, that’s not what you pay for.’ (Interview 15, ", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "7", "annotationSortIndex": "00006|004364|00355", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":6,\"rects\":[[202.594,425.386,287.327,438.417],[36.559,414.898,117.539,427.929],[49.589,404.466,290.978,417.498],[37.699,393.978,291.025,407.009],[37.755,383.547,264.491,396.578],[264.514,383.547,291.007,396.578],[37.898,373.059,290.979,386.09],[37.803,362.627,290.978,375.659],[37.803,352.14,290.988,365.171],[37.858,341.651,173.326,354.682],[174.317,341.651,290.986,354.682],[37.755,331.22,121.696,344.251],[50.266,315.516,291.025,328.547],[49.692,305.085,290.987,318.116],[49.9,294.596,290.99,307.627],[49.804,284.165,291.018,297.196],[49.804,273.677,192.073,286.708]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-09T16:13:55Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-09T16:13:55Z" } }, { "key": "SY3T2QNP", "version": 135, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127376, "name": "Formation Urfist", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/SY3T2QNP", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist/items/SY3T2QNP", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/PKX23D8I", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1226983, "username": "Urfist Strasbourg", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/urfist_strasbourg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "SY3T2QNP", "version": 135, "parentItem": "PKX23D8I", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": " commercial Service", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "7", "annotationSortIndex": "00006|004358|00355", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":6,\"rects\":[[173.379,425.386,240.034,438.417]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-09T16:13:51Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-09T16:13:51Z" } }, { "key": "QT59JNXC", "version": 134, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127376, "name": "Formation Urfist", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/QT59JNXC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist/items/QT59JNXC", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/PKX23D8I", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1226983, "username": "Urfist Strasbourg", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/urfist_strasbourg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "QT59JNXC", "version": 134, "parentItem": "PKX23D8I", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "perception of the Right of Public Access, their understanding of the delivery of groomed trails and information from the trail provider – all factors ", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "7", "annotationSortIndex": "00006|004074|00303", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":6,\"rects\":[[175.49,477.656,279.519,490.687]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-09T16:13:46Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-09T16:13:46Z" } }, { "key": "6UYI4WFL", "version": 133, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127376, "name": "Formation Urfist", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/6UYI4WFL", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist/items/6UYI4WFL", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/PKX23D8I", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1226983, "username": "Urfist Strasbourg", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/urfist_strasbourg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "6UYI4WFL", "version": 133, "parentItem": "PKX23D8I", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "gains from illegal activity against the likelihood of getting caught, the chances of being convicted, and the severity of the punishment. Due to the legal grey zone of allemansratten, getting caught, the chances of being convicted, and the severity of the punishment. Due to the legal grey zone of allemansratten, ¨ the treatment of non-compliance is unknown so far. However, our y of the punishment. Due to the legal grey zone of allemansratten, ¨ the treatment of non-compliance is unknown so far. However, our findings suggest that an encounter during a spot check triggers negative pliance is unknown so far. However, our findings suggest that an encounter during a spot check triggers negative emotions such as embarrassment and can form a severe punishment for a gs suggest that an encounter during a spot check triggers negative emotions such as embarrassment and can form a severe punishment for a skier, regardless of whether they are aware of whether the trail provider punishment for a skier, regardless of whether they are aware of whether the trail provider installed one. From a skiers’ perspective, the net gain of not complying , regardless of whether they are aware of whether the trail provider installed one. From a skiers’ perspective, the net gain of not complying seems to be outweighed by the combined risks of possible spot checks perspective, the net gain of not complying seems to be outweighed by the combined risks of possible spot checks and the encounter with the trail provider. Previous research has shown ghed by the combined risks of possible spot checks and the encounter with the trail provider. Previous research has shown that tourists often seek to avoid negative emotions and unpleasant provider. Previous research has shown that tourists often seek to avoid negative emotions and unpleasant en­ counters during their holidays (e.g. Kim et al., 2022) and that counters during their holidays (e.g. Kim et al., 2022) and that emotions play a critical role in tourists’ ", "annotationComment": "", "annotationColor": "#ffd400", "annotationPageLabel": "6", "annotationSortIndex": "00005|001748|00297", "annotationPosition": "{\"pageIndex\":5,\"rects\":[[412.765,483.546,559.984,496.578],[306.863,473.058,559.989,486.089],[306.808,462.626,559.987,475.658],[306.824,452.139,559.996,465.17],[306.863,441.707,559.993,454.738],[306.863,431.219,559.97,444.25],[306.863,420.787,559.987,433.819],[306.863,410.3,559.998,423.331],[306.863,399.868,560.014,412.899],[306.808,389.38,557.309,402.411],[306.863,378.948,423.396,391.979]]}", "tags": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2025-10-09T16:12:30Z", "dateModified": "2025-10-09T16:12:30Z" } }, { "key": "K9IE3VTY", "version": 132, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127376, "name": "Formation Urfist", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/K9IE3VTY", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist/items/K9IE3VTY", "type": "text/html" }, "up": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127376/items/PKX23D8I", "type": "application/json" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 1226983, "username": "Urfist Strasbourg", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/urfist_strasbourg", "type": "text/html" } } } }, "data": { "key": "K9IE3VTY", "version": 132, "parentItem": "PKX23D8I", "itemType": "annotation", "annotationType": "highlight", "annotationText": "gains from illegal activity against the likelihood of getting caught, the chances of being convicted, and the severity of the punishment. Due to the legal grey zone of allemansratten, getting caught, the chances of being convicted, and the severity of the punishment. Due to the legal grey zone of allemansratten, ¨ the treatment of non-compliance is unknown so far. However, our y of the punishment. Due to the legal grey zone of allemansratten, ¨ the treatment of non-compliance is unknown so far. However, our findings suggest that an encounter during a spot check triggers negative pliance is unknown so far. However, our findings suggest that an encounter during a spot check triggers negative emotions such as embarrassment and can form a severe punishment for a gs suggest that an encounter during a spot check triggers negative emotions such as embarrassment and can form a severe punishment for a skier, regardless of whether they are aware of whether the trail provider punishment for a skier, regardless of whether they are aware of whether the trail provider installed one. From a skiers’ perspective, the net gain of not complying , regardless of whether they are aware of whether the trail provider installed one. 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"href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/formation_urfist/items/HLTNPVBA", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 560080, "username": "nthiboud", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/nthiboud", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Brehmer et al.", "parsedDate": "2025-09-01", "numChildren": 5 }, "data": { "key": "HLTNPVBA", "version": 126, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Understanding visitor compliance with cross-country ski trail passes under open access", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jana", "lastName": "Brehmer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Tobias", "lastName": "Heldt" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Fredman" } ], "abstractNote": "Providers of open access tourism products depend on visitors' compliance with funding models, a challenge amplified by geographic remoteness and by limited enforcement possibilities in destinations with recreational open access. This study investigates the case of two ski resorts in Sweden providing groomed trails for cross-country skiing under open access through the allemansrätt (Right of Public Access). Ski trail providers that prompt skiers to buy a trail pass operate in a legal grey zone due to the granted open access and are therefore dependent on skiers’ compliance. Hence, understanding compliance with the funding model of open access tourism products becomes crucial for providers to maintain an attractive product. Through 17 semi-structured interviews, the study analyses skiers' compliance with trail pass systems for groomed trails and embed these into skiers’ perceptions of user-fee models in open access contexts. Findings show that compliance often stems from a motivation to avoid conflict and negative emotions during possible spot checks despite undefined legal consequences. Personal interaction with trail providers seems to encourage compliance. Skiers tend to view groomed cross-country ski trails as commercial product rather than a common good. 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