[ { "key": "DCRE7I9U", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/DCRE7I9U", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/DCRE7I9U", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Robinett", "parsedDate": "2010-05-25", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DCRE7I9U", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Rape of Innocence: Female Genital Mutilation and Circumcision in the Usa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Patricia", "lastName": "Robinett" } ], "abstractNote": "Genital mutilation in the USA has been a well-kept secret. \"The Rape of Innocence\" is an autobiographical account of a white Anglo-Saxon Protestant woman who discovered she had been the victim of clitoridectomy as a child in Kansas in the 1950s. The author is a therapist who deals with trauma. In her work, she has met many other American women and men who were genitally mutilated as children and adults. Could you -- or someone you love -- have been cut too? This book may explain the U.S. epidemic of sexual dysfunction, anger, anxiety, depression -- unresolved psychological trauma from circumcision. Now that the word is out, the healing can begin.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "May 25, 2010", "publisher": "Nunzio Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "164", "ISBN": "187841111X", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Rape of Innocence", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T01:37:53Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:26Z" } }, { "key": "DCNNHMBV", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/DCNNHMBV", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/DCNNHMBV", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Lizza", "parsedDate": "2009-09-22", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "DCNNHMBV", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Defining the Beginning and End of Life: Readings on Personal Identity and Bioethics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "John P.", "lastName": "Lizza" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2009-09-22", "publisher": "The Johns Hopkins University Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "600", "ISBN": "0801893372", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Defining the Beginning and End of Life", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0002", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HBS9IJ9P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-02-26T04:47:59Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:25Z" } }, { "key": "CWRK8D8C", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/CWRK8D8C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/CWRK8D8C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wilkinson", "parsedDate": "2003-06-08", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CWRK8D8C", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Bodies for Sale: Ethics and Exploitation in the Human Body Trade", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Stephen", "lastName": "Wilkinson" } ], "abstractNote": "Bodies for Sale: Ethics and Exploitation in the Human Body Trade explores the philosophical and practical issues raised by activities such as surrogacy and organ trafficking. Stephen Wilkinson asks what is it that makes some commercial uses of the body controversial, whether the arguments against commercial exploitation stand up, and whether legislation outlawing such practices is really justified. In Part One Wilkinson explains and analyses some of the notoriously slippery concepts used in the body commodification debate, including exploitation, harm and consent. In Part Two he focuses on three controversial issues (the buying and selling of human kidneys, commercial surrogacy, and DNA patenting) outlining contemporary regulation and investigating both the moral issues and the arguments for legal prohibition.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "First Edition", "date": "June 8, 2003", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "264", "ISBN": "0415266254", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Bodies for Sale", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0113", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A2F2R9JW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T04:16:35Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:24Z" } }, { "key": "CVDMMFBH", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/CVDMMFBH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/CVDMMFBH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Skaine", "parsedDate": "2005-09-15", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "CVDMMFBH", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Female Genital Mutilation: Legal, Cultural and Medical Issues", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rosemarie", "lastName": "Skaine" } ], "abstractNote": "Female genital mutilation (FGM) occurs in many parts of the world, especially in Africa. It is a cultural practice thought to have been established centuries ago, though its origins appear to have been lost in the past. International efforts to eliminate it also have a long history. As early as the 17th century, Christian missionaries and colonial administrations in Africa attempted to prevent the practice. Today, efforts to eradicate FGM are under way within and outside of practicing cultures. This book discusses the definition and types of FGM and explores the common justifications for the practice, along with the incidence in Africa and other continents, global laws, legal issues, rights and religion. Ethical considerations are examined, as are progress and the role of culture. Personal interviews help to expand and enrich the discussion. The book concludes with thoughts on the movement from tradition to cultural evolution.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "September 15, 2005", "publisher": "McFarland & Company", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "331", "ISBN": "0786421673", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Female Genital Mutilation", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0037", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T01:43:31Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:23Z" } }, { "key": "C96QDGN6", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/C96QDGN6", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/C96QDGN6", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ishida et al.", "parsedDate": "2012-06", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "C96QDGN6", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Ethnic Inequality in Guatemalan Women's Use of Modern Reproductive Health Care", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Kanako", "lastName": "Ishida" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Paul", "lastName": "Stupp" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Reina", "lastName": "Turcios-Ruiz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel B.", "lastName": "Williams" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Evelyn", "lastName": "Espinoza" } ], "abstractNote": "CONTEXT: Guatemala has some of the poorest reproductive health indices and largest disparities in health in Latin America, particularly between indigenous and ladina women. To reduce these disparities, it is necessary to understand how indigenous women's disadvantages in linguistic, socioeconomic or residential characteristics relate to their underutilization of reproductive health services. METHODS: Logistic regression analyses of a nationally representative sample of women aged 15-49 from the 2008-2009 National Survey of Maternal and Infant Health were used to estimate ethnic disparities in women's use of institutional prenatal care and delivery, and in met demand for modern contraceptives. Using predicted probabilities, we estimated the extent to which these disparities were attributable to a language barrier among indigenous women and to their disadvantage in selected socioeconomic and residential characteristics. RESULTS: The ethnic difference in use of institutional prenatal care was small; however, institutional delivery was far less common among indigenous women than among ladina women (36% vs. 73%), as was met need for modern contraceptives (49% vs. 72%). Not speaking Spanish accounted for the largest portion of these ethnic differentials. Indigenous women's poor education and rural residence made up smaller portions of the ethnic differential in modern contraceptive use than did their economic disadvantage. CONCLUSION: The large proportion of indigenous women who use institutional prenatal care suggests that further integrating the three services may increase their use of institutional delivery and modern contraceptives. Adding speakers of local Mayan languages to the staff of health facilities could also help increase use. (English)", "publicationTitle": "International Perspectives on Sexual & Reproductive Health", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "June 2012", "volume": "38", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "99-108", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "International Perspectives on Sexual & Reproductive Health", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "19440391", "archive": "aph", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "0001", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CENSUS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DESCRIPTIVE statistics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "GUATEMALA", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HEALTH services accessibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HEALTH status indicators", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HELP-seeking behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INDIGENOUS peoples", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LOGISTIC regression analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MEDICAL care -- Utilization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MULTIVARIATE analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "REPRODUCTIVE health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "SAMPLING (Statistics)", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "STATISTICS", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WOMEN -- Health", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "TZ3W8HN8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-03T04:45:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:22Z" } }, { "key": "C2IJI7RC", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/C2IJI7RC", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/C2IJI7RC", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Karanja", "parsedDate": "2003-06-18", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "C2IJI7RC", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Female Genital Mutilation in Africa", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel Njoroge", "lastName": "Karanja" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "June 18, 2003", "publisher": "Xulon Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "132", "ISBN": "159160561X", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0005", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T01:08:52Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:21Z" } }, { "key": "BET6Q78Q", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/BET6Q78Q", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/BET6Q78Q", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gruenbaum", "parsedDate": "2000-12-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BET6Q78Q", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ellen", "lastName": "Gruenbaum" } ], "abstractNote": "To the Western eye, there is something jarringly incongruous, even shocking, about the image of a six-year-old girl being held down by loving relatives so that her genitals can be cut. Yet two million girls experience this each year. Most Westerners, upon learning of the practice of female circumcision, have responded with outrage; those committed to improving the status of women have gone beyond outrage to action by creating various programs for \"eradicating\" the practice. But few understand the real life complexities families face in deciding whether to follow the traditional practices or to take the risk of change. In The Female Circumcision Controversy, Ellen Gruenbaum points out that Western outrage and Western efforts to stop genital mutilation often provoke a strong backlash from people in the countries where the practice is common. She looks at the validity of Western arguments against the practice. In doing so, she explores both outsider and insider perspectives on female circumcision, concentrating particularly on the complex attitudes of the individuals and groups who practice it and on indigenous efforts to end it. Gruenbaum finds that the criticisms of outsiders are frequently simplistic and fail to appreciate the diversity of cultural contexts, the complex meanings, and the conflicting responses to change. Drawing on over five years of fieldwork in Sudan, where the most severe forms of genital surgery are common, Gruenbaum shows that the practices of female circumcision are deeply embedded in Sudanese cultural traditions—in religious, moral, and aesthetic values, and in ideas about class, ethnicity, and gender. Her research illuminates both the resistance to and the acceptance of change. She shows that change is occurring as the result of economic and social developments, the influences of Islamic activists, the work of Sudanese health educators, and the efforts of educated African women. That does not mean that there is no role for outsiders, Gruenbaum asserts, and she offers suggestions for those who wish to help facilitate change. By presenting specific cultural contexts and human experiences with a deep knowledge of the tremendous variation of the practice and meaning of female circumcision, Gruenbaum provides an insightful analysis of the process of changing this complex, highly debated practice.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "December 1, 2000", "publisher": "University of Pennsylvania Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "256", "ISBN": "0812217462", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Female Circumcision Controversy", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T00:48:14Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:20Z" } }, { "key": "BEMWDK22", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/BEMWDK22", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/BEMWDK22", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Shepherd", "parsedDate": "2008-03-18", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "BEMWDK22", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Sex-Selective Abortion in India: The Impact on Child Mortality", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mary Elizabeth", "lastName": "Shepherd" } ], "abstractNote": "Does sex-selective abortion have an impact on gender differentials in child morbidity and mortality in India? If prenatal discrimination against girls has been substituting for postnatal discrimination, then eliminating sex-selective abortion may lead to an increase in excess female infant and child mortality. In this careful and thorough study that employs data from a 20-year period, Dr. Mary Elizabeth Shepherd investigates the issues behind the sex ratio imbalance in India. This timely work not only has critical implications for India, but its insightful findings will also be highly informative for many countries or societies dealing with sex ratio imbalances.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "March 18, 2008", "publisher": "Cambria Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "304", "ISBN": "1934043699", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Sex-Selective Abortion in India", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0007", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "47U72XMX" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T00:16:20Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:19Z" } }, { "key": "B9E7IGZZ", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/B9E7IGZZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/B9E7IGZZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Steffen", "parsedDate": "2010-10-13", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "B9E7IGZZ", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Mutilating Khalid: The Symbolic Politics of Female Genital Cutting", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Charles G.", "lastName": "Steffen" } ], "abstractNote": "In Mutilating Khalid, historian Charles G. Steffen examines one of the most remarkable cases of female genital mutilation ever to be prosecuted in a United States court. In 2006 a suburban Atlanta jury convicted Khalid Misri Adem, a thirty-one-year-old Ethiopian immigrant, of two counts of aggravated assault and cruelty to children for allegedly circumcising his daughter when she was two years old. The judge in the case sentenced him to ten years in a Georgia state penitentiary. The precedent-setting Adem case received widespread coverage in the national and international media, energized women s rights and human rights activists from Atlanta to Nairobi, and prompted the Georgia state legislature to pass a law criminalizing female genital mutilation. Mutilating Khalid explores the symbolic politics that surrounded the Adem case, showing how prosecutors, judges, reporters, politicians, and activists set out to mold the public s image of Khalid and to appropriate his symbolic value for their own particular purposes. As a result of their efforts, Khalid came to personify a dark and forbidding world at odds with women s rights, family values, and enlightened modernity. East Africans watched the Adem case unfold with a growing sense that each and every one of them was on trial, for the publicity surrounding the prosecution seemed to revive stereotypes of Africa as a Dark Continent where superstition, savagery, and bloody rituals held sway. Protesting that Khalid was convicted not on the strength of the evidence presented against him but because of the fearful symbolism he came to embody in the public mind, East Africans from Atlanta to Addis Ababa mounted a campaign to appeal the verdict to a higher court. Mutilating Khalid should be of interest to anyone concerned about dangerous forms of symbolic politics that have arisen as transnational immigration alters the human landscape of American cities.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "First edition", "date": "October 13, 2010", "publisher": "Red Sea Press,U.S.", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "228", "ISBN": "1569023328", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Mutilating Khalid", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T01:46:13Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:18Z" } }, { "key": "B3EGC4ZZ", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/B3EGC4ZZ", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/B3EGC4ZZ", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Murthy and Smith", "parsedDate": "2009-04-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "B3EGC4ZZ", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Women's Global Health and Human Rights", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Padmini", "lastName": "Murthy" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Clyde Lanford", "lastName": "Smith" } ], "abstractNote": "Women's Global Health and Human Rights serves as an overview of the challenges faced by women in different regions of the world. Ideal as a tool for both professionals and students, this book discusses the similarities and differences in health and human rights challenges that are faced by women globally. Best practices and success stories are also included in this timely and important text. Major Topics include: Globalization, Gender Based Terrorism and Violence, Cultural Practices, Health Problems, Progress and Challenges.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "April 1, 2009", "publisher": "Jones & Bartlett Publishers", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "556", "ISBN": "0763756318", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "W9KZQ8CQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-26T23:11:13Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:17Z" } }, { "key": "9IPECS6C", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/9IPECS6C", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/9IPECS6C", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Kanaaneh", "parsedDate": "2002-06-28", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "9IPECS6C", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Birthing the Nation: Strategies of Palestinian Women in Israel", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rhoda Ann", "lastName": "Kanaaneh" } ], "abstractNote": "In this rich, evocative study, Rhoda Ann Kanaaneh examines the changing notions of sexuality, family, and reproduction among Palestinians living in Israel. Distinguishing itself amid the media maelstrom that has homogenized Palestinians as \"terrorists,\" this important new work offers a complex, nuanced, and humanized depiction of a group rendered invisible despite its substantial size, now accounting for nearly twenty percent of Israel's population. Groundbreaking and thought-provoking, Birthing the Nation contextualizes the politics of reproduction within contemporary issues affecting Palestinians, and places these issues against the backdrop of a dominant Israeli society.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "June 28, 2002", "publisher": "University of California Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "300", "ISBN": "0520229444", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Birthing the Nation", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A2F2R9JW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T03:53:43Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:16Z" } }, { "key": "962XNTFD", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/962XNTFD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/962XNTFD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Ginsburg and Rapp", "parsedDate": "1995-07-31", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "962XNTFD", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Faye D.", "lastName": "Ginsburg" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Rayna", "lastName": "Rapp" } ], "abstractNote": "This groundbreaking volume provides a dramatic investigation of the dynamics of reproduction. In an unusually broad spectrum of essays, a distinguished group of international feminist scholars and activists explores the complexity of contemporary sexual politics around the globe. Using reproduction as an entry point in the study of social life and placing it at the center of social theory, the authors examine how cultures are produced, contested, and transformed as people imagine their collective future in the creation of the next generation.\nThe studies encompass a wide variety of subjects, from the impact of AIDS on reproduction in the United States to the aftereffects of Chernobyl on the Sami people in Norway and the impact of totalitarian abortion and birth control policies in Romania and China. The contributors use historical and comparative perspectives to illuminate the multiple and intersecting forms of power and resistance through which reproduction is given cultural weight and social form. They discuss the ways that seemingly distant influences shape and constrain local reproductive experiences such as the international flows of adoptive babies and childcare workers and the Victorian and imperial legacy of eugenics and family planning.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "July 31, 1995", "publisher": "University of California Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "450", "ISBN": "0520089146", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Conceiving the New World Order", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0576", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A2F2R9JW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T03:41:34Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:15Z" } }, { "key": "8XQ2U77M", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/8XQ2U77M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/8XQ2U77M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Singer", "parsedDate": "2002", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8XQ2U77M", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Unsanctifying Human Life: Essays on Ethics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter", "lastName": "Singer" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "2002.", "publisher": "Blackwell", "place": "Oxford, UK", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "", "ISBN": "978063122", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Unsanctifying Human Life", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0085", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HBS9IJ9P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-02-26T04:19:11Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:14Z" } }, { "key": "8UZ398W3", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/8UZ398W3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/8UZ398W3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Dorkenou and Dorkenoo", "parsedDate": "1996-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8UZ398W3", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Cutting the Rose: Female Genital Mutilation: The Practice & Its Prevention", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Efuu", "lastName": "Dorkenou" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Efua", "lastName": "Dorkenoo" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "February 1996", "publisher": "Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "192", "ISBN": "1873194951", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Cutting the Rose", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T00:46:50Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:13Z" } }, { "key": "8JSWHN4G", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/8JSWHN4G", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/8JSWHN4G", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Muthulakshmi", "parsedDate": "1997", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "8JSWHN4G", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Female Infanticide, Its Causes and Solutions", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "R.", "lastName": "Muthulakshmi" } ], "abstractNote": "", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "1997", "publisher": "Discovery Publishing House", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "132", "ISBN": "8171413838", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Female Infanticide, Its Causes and Solutions", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0015", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "BTWMN9MB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T00:23:57Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:12Z" } }, { "key": "83QA5483", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/83QA5483", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/83QA5483", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Pellegrino", "parsedDate": "1999-03-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "83QA5483", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Origins and Evolution of Bioethics: Some Personal Reflections", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Edmund D", "lastName": "Pellegrino" } ], "abstractNote": "Bioethics was officially baptized in 1972, but its birth took place a decade or so before that date. Since its birth, what is known today as bioethics has undergone a complex conceptual metamorphosis. This essay loosely divides that metamorphosis into three stages: an educational, an ethical, and a global stage. (edited)", "publicationTitle": "Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "March 1, 1999", "volume": "9", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "73-88", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1054-6863", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Origins and Evolution of Bioethics", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "0044", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HBS9IJ9P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-02-26T04:13:06Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:11Z" } }, { "key": "7CHWDEMD", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/7CHWDEMD", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/7CHWDEMD", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Levine et al.", "parsedDate": "2001-11-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "7CHWDEMD", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "The Health of Women in Latin America and the Caribbean", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ruth E.", "lastName": "Levine" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Amanda", "lastName": "Glassman" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Miriam", "lastName": "Schneidman" } ], "abstractNote": "This report examines how the needs of women fit into the changing health systems of Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Pan American Health Organization explore advances and challenges in women's health in the region. Starting with a review of health conditions, the book identifies key health service delivery gaps in the region. It provides new analyses of public spending on women's health and highlights fundamental ways in which health-sector reform strategies—from decentralization to resource mobilization—affect women's health outcomes.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "November 1, 2001", "publisher": "World Bank Publications", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "71", "ISBN": "0821349309", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0011", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "W9KZQ8CQ" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-26T23:05:16Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:10Z" } }, { "key": "785C4DU9", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/785C4DU9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/785C4DU9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sen", "parsedDate": "2002-03-02", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "785C4DU9", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Death by Fire: Sati, Dowry Death, and Female Infanticide in Modern India", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mala", "lastName": "Sen" } ], "abstractNote": "Although banned by the British in 1929, sati cases have reappeared recently, most notably the incident involving Roop Kanwar in 1987. A careful study of Roop Kanwar, Indian society and values, and the role of politics in positioning women in modern India.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "", "date": "March 2, 2002", "publisher": "Rutgers University Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "288", "ISBN": "0813531020", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Death by Fire", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "BTWMN9MB" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T00:34:42Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:09Z" } }, { "key": "62VN4GTB", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/62VN4GTB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/62VN4GTB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Messikomer et al.", "parsedDate": "2001", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "62VN4GTB", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Presence and Influence of Religion in American Bioethics", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Carla M.", "lastName": "Messikomer" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Renee C.", "lastName": "Fox" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Judith P.", "lastName": "Swazey" } ], "abstractNote": "From the inception of the relatively short history of American bioethics in the mid-to-late 1960s, the place of religion in this field has been complex and controversial. It has also been a subject of more than casual interest and concern to bioethicists, and to an array of medical and non-medical groups in U.S. society for whom the activities and issues in which bioethics is engaged have ongoing import. The questions and the tensions linked to the status and influence of religion in the sphere of bioethics have ramifications that extend beyond bioethics and biomedicine into matters involving the relationship of religion to the institutional structure of American society-most particularly its polity, legal foundations, and realm of public affairs-and to its cultural attributes and tradition. It is within this larger perspective that we will consider the association between American bioethics and religion. Our analysis includes two case studies: (1) how, in the early years of bioethics, a pioneering organization in the field dealt with the \"redefinition of death\" in its discussions and in a major medical journal publication; and (2) the way in which the most recently appointed federal bioethics commission, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, involved religion in its work on cloning and stem cell research.", "publicationTitle": "Perspectives in Biology and Medicine", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Autumn 2001", "volume": "44", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "485-508", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Perspectives in Biology and Medicine", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "0031-5982 (ISSN print)", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "0025", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Philosophy and Ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sociology (Population Studies)", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "HBS9IJ9P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-02-26T04:32:36Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:08Z" } }, { "key": "5WQZMDXM", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/5WQZMDXM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/5WQZMDXM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Souza et al.", "parsedDate": "2010-02", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "5WQZMDXM", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Maternal Near Miss and Maternal Death in the World Health Organization's 2005 Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "João Paulo", "lastName": "Souza" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jose Guilherme", "lastName": "Cecatti" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Anibal", "lastName": "Faundes" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sirlei Siani", "lastName": "Morais" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jose", "lastName": "Villar" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Guillermo", "lastName": "Carroli" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Metin", "lastName": "Gulmezoglu" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Daniel", "lastName": "Wojdyla" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Nelly", "lastName": "Zavaleta" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Allan", "lastName": "Donner" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alejandro", "lastName": "Velazco" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Vicente", "lastName": "Bataglia" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eliette", "lastName": "Valladares" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Marius", "lastName": "Kublickas" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Arnaldo", "lastName": "Acosta" } ], "abstractNote": "Objective To develop an indicator of maternal near miss as a proxy for maternal death and to study its association with maternal factors and perinatal outcomes. Methods In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we collected maternal and perinatal data from the hospital records of a sample of women admitted for delivery over a period of two to three months in 120 hospitals located in eight Latin American countries. We followed a stratified multistage cluster random design. We assessed the intra-hospital occurrence of severe maternal morbidity and the latter's association with maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes. Findings Of the 97 095 women studied, 2964 (34 per 1000) were at higher risk of dying in association with one or more of the following: being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), undergoing a hysterectomy, receiving a blood transfusion, suffering a cardiac or renal complication, or having eclampsia. Being older than 35 years, not having a partner, being a primipara or para > 3, and having had a Caesarean section in the previous pregnancy were factors independently associated with the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity. They were also positively associated with an increased occurrence of low and very low birth weight, stillbirth, early neonatal death, admission to the neonatal ICU, a prolonged maternal postpartum hospital stay and Caesarean section. Conclusion Women who survive the serious conditions described could be pragmatically considered cases of maternal near miss. Interventions to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality should target women in these high-risk categories.", "publicationTitle": "Bulletin of the World Health Organization", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "February 2010", "volume": "88", "issue": "2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "113-119", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Bulletin of the World Health Organization", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00429686", "archive": "aph", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "0030", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "EVALUATION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HEALTH surveys", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "HYSTERECTOMY -- Complications", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "INTENSIVE care units", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LATIN America", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LATIN America -- Social conditions -- 1982-", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LATIN Americans -- Health", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MATERNAL health services", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MEDICAL statistics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MOTHERS -- Mortality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "RESEARCH", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "TZ3W8HN8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-03T03:59:41Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:07Z" } }, { "key": "56WXFTNM", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/56WXFTNM", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/56WXFTNM", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Schwarcz and Fescina", "numChildren": 2 }, "data": { "key": "56WXFTNM", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Maternal Mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ricardo", "lastName": "Schwarcz" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ricardo", "lastName": "Fescina" } ], "abstractNote": "The article presents information on the maternal mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean area. Mortality and serious morbidity as a result of childbirth have implications for the social and economic development of a society. In less-developed countries, the majority of maternal, neonatal and infant deaths affect socially deprived sections of society. When maternal mortality is greater than 20 per 100 000 livebirths, there are usually complicating socioeconomic, educational and nutritional difficulties that are to be addressed. The Pan American Health Organization and WHO's regional action plan to reduce maternal mortality in the Americas have addressed some of these difficulties that include a number of strategies too. Some of these strategies include the elimination of economic barriers that prevent universal access to health care, guarantee of education in reproductive health and access to effective contraception. The majority of causes of high maternal mortality can be prevented by simple and low-cost interventions.", "publicationTitle": "Lancet", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Dec2000 Supplement", "volume": "356", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "s11-s11", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Lancet", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00995355", "archive": "aph", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "0014", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "CARIBBEAN Area", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CHILDBIRTH", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "CONTRACEPTION", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "DISEASES", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LATIN America", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "MOTHERS -- Mortality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PAN American Health Organization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "PREGNANCY -- Complications", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "WORLD Health Organization", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [ "TZ3W8HN8" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-03T04:50:03Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:06Z" } }, { "key": "4PJF67E7", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/4PJF67E7", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/4PJF67E7", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Walker and Parmar", "parsedDate": "1993-06-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "4PJF67E7", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Women", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Alice", "lastName": "Walker" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Pratibha", "lastName": "Parmar" } ], "abstractNote": "Describes a unique film making journey, from Alice Walker's first letter to Pratibha Parmar proposing the idea of the film, to the many journal entries & observations each of them made along the way. From California to England to Senegal, The Gambia, & Burkina Faso, Warrior Marks follows Walker & Parmar as they interview people who are concerned with & affected by the practice of female genital mutilation. Includes transcripts of their interviews, 3 new poems by Alice Walker, & over 50 photos offering a vivid & poignant portrayal of the people & places they visited. The adventure of two remarkable women who together fulfilled a dream.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1St Edition", "date": "June 1, 1993", "publisher": "Harcourt", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "373", "ISBN": "0788155814", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Warrior Marks", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0214", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T01:52:35Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:05Z" } }, { "key": "48Q5VPRE", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/48Q5VPRE", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/48Q5VPRE", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Rapp", "parsedDate": "2000-07", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "48Q5VPRE", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Testing Women, Testing the Fetus: The Social Impact of Amniocentesis in America", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Rayna", "lastName": "Rapp" } ], "abstractNote": "Rich with the voices and stories of participants, these touching, firsthand accounts examine how women of diverse racial, ethnic, class and religious backgrounds perceive prenatal testing, the most prevalent and routinized of the new reproducing technologies. Based on the author's decade of research and her own personal experiences with amniocentesis, Testing Women, Testing the Fetus explores the \"geneticization\" of family life in all its complexity and diversity.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "July 2000", "publisher": "Routledge", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "368", "ISBN": "0415916453", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Testing Women, Testing the Fetus", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0000", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "A2F2R9JW" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T04:05:00Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:03Z" } }, { "key": "3H7UG93R", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/3H7UG93R", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/3H7UG93R", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reich", "parsedDate": "1994-12-01", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "3H7UG93R", "version": 345, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Word 'Bioethics': Its Birth and the Legacies of Those Who Shaped Its Meaning", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Warren Thomas", "lastName": "Reich" } ], "abstractNote": "Extensive historical sleuthing reveals that the word \"bioethics\" and the field of study it names experienced, in 1970/1971, a \"bilocated birth\" in Madison, Wisconsin, and in Washington, DC. Van Rensselaer Potter, at the University of Wisconsin first coined the term; and Andre Hellegers, at Georgetown University, at the very least, latched onto the already-existing word \"bioethics\" and first used it in an institutional way to designate the focused area of inquiry that became an academic field of learning and a movement regarding public policy and the life sciences. A further comparison of the Potter and the Hellegers/ Georgetown understandings of bioethics and the relative acceptance of the two views will appear in the March 1995 issue of this journal.", "publicationTitle": "Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "December 1, 1994", "volume": "4", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "319-335", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "1054-6863", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Word 'Bioethics'", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "EBSCOhost", "callNumber": "0002", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "HBS9IJ9P" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-02-26T04:08:59Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:02Z" } }, { "key": "2XN39T6T", "version": 345, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 127161, "name": "Her Dignity Resources", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/127161/items/2XN39T6T", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/her_dignity_resources/items/2XN39T6T", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 726364, "username": "Mikaela Hills", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/mikaela_hills", "type": "text/html" } } }, "lastModifiedByUser": { "id": 19237, "username": "msleasman", "name": "Michael Sleasman", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/msleasman", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Hernlund and Shell-Duncan", "parsedDate": "2007-07-15", "numChildren": 1 }, "data": { "key": "2XN39T6T", "version": 345, "itemType": "book", "title": "Transcultural Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Ylva K.", "lastName": "Hernlund" }, { "creatorType": "editor", "firstName": "Bettina K.", "lastName": "Shell-Duncan" } ], "abstractNote": "Female \"circumcision\" or, more precisely, female genital cutting (FGC), remains an important cultural practice in many African countries, often serving as a coming-of-age ritual. It is also a practice that has generated international dispute and continues to be at the center of debates over women's rights, the limits of cultural pluralism, the balance of power between local cultures, international human rights, and feminist activism. In our increasingly globalized world, these practices have also begun immigrating to other nations, where transnational complexities vex debates about how to resolve the issue. Bringing together thirteen essays, Transcultural Bodies provides an ethnographically rich exploration of FGC among African diasporas in the United Kingdom, Europe, and Australia. Contributors analyze changes in ideologies of gender and sexuality in immigrant communities, the frequent marginalization of African women's voices in debates over FGC, and controversies over legislation restricting the practice in immigrant populations.", "series": "", "seriesNumber": "", "volume": "", "numberOfVolumes": "", "edition": "1", "date": "July 15, 2007", "publisher": "Rutgers University Press", "place": "", "originalDate": "", "originalPublisher": "", "originalPlace": "", "format": "", "numPages": "373", "ISBN": "0813540259", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "", "accessDate": "", "ISSN": "", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Transcultural Bodies", "language": "", "libraryCatalog": "", "callNumber": "0018", "rights": "", "extra": "", "tags": [], "collections": [ "Z53N7QS2" ], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2013-01-28T00:50:21Z", "dateModified": "2013-04-04T01:03:01Z" } } ]