[ { "key": "WNN9JTKH", "version": 1, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/WNN9JTKH", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/WNN9JTKH", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gendron et al.", "parsedDate": "2009-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "WNN9JTKH", "version": 1, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Institutionalization of Fair Trade: More than Just a Degraded Form of Social Action", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Corinne", "lastName": "Gendron" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Véronique", "lastName": "Bisaillon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ana Isabel", "lastName": "Rance" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "", "lastName": "Otero" } ], "abstractNote": "The context of economic globalization has contributed to the emergence of a new form of social action which has spread into the economic sphere in the form of the new social economic movements. The emblematic figure of this new generation of social movements is fair trade, which influences the economy towards political or social ends. Having emerged from multiple alternative trade practices, fair trade has gradually become institutionalized since the professionalization of World Shops, the arrival of fair trade products in the food industry, and the establishment of an official \"fair trade\" label. With the strength that this institutionalization has generated, fair trade can now be considered a real trade system that questions, as much as it renews, the traditional economic system. In parallel, this transformation has exacerbated the tensions within the movement, which can be characterized as a clash between a \"radical, militant\" pole and a \"softer, more commercial\" one. However, it is not the actual institutionalization of fair trade which is being debated among fair trade actors on either side of the fence, but rather the challenges inherent in finding an economic institutionalization acceptable to social economic movements. Therefore the institutionalization process of fair trade should not be seen as mere degradation of social action, but rather as typical of the institutionalization process of new social economic movements. If we need to worry about the highjacking and alteration of the fair trade movement by the dominant economic system, the opposite is no less likely, as new social economic movements contribute to an ethical restructuring of markets. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Business Ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2009", "volume": "86", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "63-79", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1007/s10551-008-9758-4", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/198086227/abstract/13AC93AFF0C1DC76F02/2?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-12-04T02:25:53Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01674544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Institutionalization of Fair Trade", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Corporate responsibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic theory", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethical consumerism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Globalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social responsibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-08T19:52:57Z", "dateModified": "2012-12-08T19:52:57Z" } }, { "key": "USJN7P5M", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/USJN7P5M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/USJN7P5M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moore", "parsedDate": "2004-08", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "USJN7P5M", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Fair Trade Movement: Parameters, Issues and Future Research", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Geoff", "lastName": "Moore" } ], "abstractNote": "Although Fair Trade has been in existence for more than 40 years, discussion in the business and business ethics literature of this unique trading and campaigning movement between Southern producers and Northern buyers and consumers has been limited. This paper seeks to redress this deficit by providing a description of the characteristics of Fair Trade, including definitional issues, market size and segmentation and the key organizations. It discusses Fair Trade from Southern producer and Northern trader and consumer perspectives and highlights the key issues that currently face the Fair Trade movement. It then identifies an initial research agenda to be followed up in subsequent papers. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Business Ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Aug 2004", "volume": "53", "issue": "1-2", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "73-86", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/198073181/abstract/13AC93AFF0C1DC76F02/58?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-12-04T02:37:45Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01674544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Fair Trade Movement", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright (c) 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developing countries", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "LDCs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Research", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-08T19:52:28Z", "dateModified": "2012-12-08T19:52:28Z" } }, { "key": "ISEBUCUR", "version": 3, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/ISEBUCUR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/ISEBUCUR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Wilkinson", "parsedDate": "2007-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ISEBUCUR", "version": 3, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fair Trade: Dynamic and Dilemmas of a Market Oriented Global Social Movement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Wilkinson" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Consumer Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2007", "volume": "30", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "219", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1007/s10603-007-9036-3", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/198349421/abstract/13AC93AFF0C1DC76F02/62?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-12-04T02:40:35Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01687034", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fair Trade", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics--Macroeconomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Consumer Education And Protection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Market orientation", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social change", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-08T19:52:02Z", "dateModified": "2012-12-08T19:52:02Z" } }, { "key": "6ZWVWMH5", "version": 2, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/6ZWVWMH5", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/6ZWVWMH5", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Sheppard", "parsedDate": "2012-02", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "6ZWVWMH5", "version": 2, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Trade, globalization and uneven development: Entanglements of geographical political economy", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eric", "lastName": "Sheppard" } ], "abstractNote": "Mainstream geographical economics propagates the free trade doctrine, presenting capitalism as entailing, but capable of overcoming, uneven geographical development. Geographers have failed to engage with the international trade theories that rationalize this, or develop alternatives. Beginning with the entanglements through which trade happens, I examine how theories rationalizing the free trade doctrine isolate trade, mobilizing a narrow sociospatial ontology. Marxisant trade theories offer important critiques, but are similarly marred by limited sociospatial ontologies. By contrast, attending to the entanglements of trade, geographical political economy can decenter the free trade doctrine, creating space for taking seriously alternative trading imaginaries and practices. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Progress in Human Geography", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Feb 2012", "volume": "36", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "44-71", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1177/0309132511407953", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/916772703/abstract/13AE1158F857FFCAA93/74?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-12-08T17:46:11Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "03091325", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Trade, globalization and uneven development", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "SAGE Publications © Feb 2012", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Economic development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geography", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Geopolitics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Globalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "International trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Political ethics", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-12-08T19:51:17Z", "dateModified": "2012-12-08T19:51:17Z" } }, { "key": "TZCITVEW", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/TZCITVEW", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/TZCITVEW", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Davenport and Low", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TZCITVEW", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The labour behind the (Fair Trade) label", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Eileen", "lastName": "Davenport" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Will", "lastName": "Low" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose - This paper critically examines the marketing of fair trade, arguing that the use of the term producer conflates a number of categories of actors, not all of whom benefit equally. The authors contend that the two existing archetypes - the noble peasant farmer and the independent artisan - and the emerging archetype of the \"empowered decision maker\" serve to obscure and mask complex labour relationships. Design/methodology/approach - This conceptual paper draws on a wide range of literature and original fieldwork conducted by the authors to illustrate the three marketing archetypes in the fair trade value chain. Findings - Hidden behind the three dominant archetypes used to promote fair trade is a relationship between fair trade \"producers\" (small farmer, craft enterprise and plantations) and permanent and temporary/casual labourers. The trickle-down of fair trade benefits to these workers is uneven at best and falls far short of the expectation of empowerment of all \"producers\" that fair trade promises. Research limitations/implications - The fair trade project must look beyond the simple archetypes to engage more deeply with labour issues in the fair trade value chain, and to re-engage with fair trade as a development strategy through which broader and more complex forms of empowerment can be realised. Practical implications - Fair trade standards are not a substitute for organised labour's activities. Interactions between trade unions and fair trade bodies could ensure that existing labour standards are met, and improvements in the lives of all workers can occur. Originality/value - This paper conceptualises three fair trade mainstream marketing archetypes and suggests why and how the fair trade movement must move beyond these to ensure empowerment amongst its least well-off stakeholders.", "publicationTitle": "Critical Perspectives on International Business", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "8", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "329-348", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1108/17422041211274200", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/1125549792/13A7FEB47D05338CA92/1?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T20:45:58Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "17422043", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Actors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Marketing", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Success", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Workers", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:59Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:59Z" } }, { "key": "UKFVIGPF", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/UKFVIGPF", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/UKFVIGPF", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Gibbon and Sliwa", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "UKFVIGPF", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Critical perspectives on Fair Trade: an introduction", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Jane", "lastName": "Gibbon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Martyna", "lastName": "Sliwa" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose - This editorial article aims to introduce the special issue of Critical Perspectives on International Business entitled \"Critical perspectives on fair trade\". Design/methodology/approach - The editorial provides a brief overview of the subject of fair trade, with an emphasis on the critical arguments that have been put forward in relation to the fair trade movement. It then locates the four papers included in this special issue within extant debates on fair trade. Findings - While the fair trade movement has been attracting the attention of scholars for over a decade, there is still space and scope for academic debate, and especially for empirical studies focusing on different aspects of fair trade initiatives. This special issue contributes to addressing the current gap in critical studies of fair trade. Research limitations/implications - Further research on fair trade is needed to inform both academic thinking and policy. Originality/value - The editorial fulfils an informative role of introducing the readers to the topics covered in the articles included in the special issue.", "publicationTitle": "Critical Perspectives on International Business", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "8", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "272-276", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1108/17422041211274219", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/1125549316/13A8008958F6405B177/1?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:16:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "17422043", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Critical perspectives on Fair Trade", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Debates", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Inequality", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Labeling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social justice", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:56Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:56Z" } }, { "key": "SEHQNZI9", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/SEHQNZI9", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/SEHQNZI9", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Mare", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "SEHQNZI9", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Creating and maintaining Fair Trade", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Ann Le", "lastName": "Mare" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the meanings and business practices of four Southern Fair Trade enterprises (SFTEs). Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on research with four SFTEs in Bangladesh, taking an ethnographic approach with qualitative methodologies such as semi-structured interviews, recorded meetings, informal discussions, analysis of grey literature, and observation with managers, staff, field workers and artisans of the organisations. Findings - The meanings of Fair Trade are located in personal, family, business and national understandings of fairness and development. Such meanings inform the business practices of the SFTEs, used to achieve both commercial success and social goals, confirming the role of SFTEs in creating and maintaining ideals of fairer trade. Research limitations/implications - There is a need for more research on Fair Trade from the perspective of SFTEs. Practical implications - The research draws attention to the key roles and business practices of the SFTE, increasing the understanding of what happens in the name of Fair Trade, and also provides lessons for other socially responsible enterprises. Social implications - The research highlights the importance of Southern meanings and practices, which should be included in the conceptualisation of Fair Trade, thus facilitating both informed debate and understanding the possibilities for the promotion and extension of fairer trade. Originality/value - This research is unusual in concentrating on the central role played by the SFTE, particularly in the handicraft sector and with businesses rather than cooperatives. The business practices and decisions of SFTEs are often hidden in representations of Fair Trade.", "publicationTitle": "Critical Perspectives on International Business", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "8", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "309-328", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1108/17422041211274183", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/1125549772/13A8008958F6405B177/4?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:17:07Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "17422043", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Annual reports", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Efficient markets", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social accounting", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Values", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:53Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:53Z" } }, { "key": "827VK7CR", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/827VK7CR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/827VK7CR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Stringer", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "827VK7CR", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Seeking to maintain the integrity of the fair trade model: a case study of Trade Aid importers", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Christina", "lastName": "Stringer" } ], "abstractNote": "Purpose - The movement of profit-orientated corporations into the fair trade value chain has caused some socially orientated fair trade organizations to question the direction the movement is taking. One organization at the forefront of the debate is Trade Aid (NZ), Inc. (hereafter Trade Aid), a New Zealand based socially orientated fair trade organization actively engaged in fair trade since the 1970s. This paper seeks to evaluate how Trade Aid is seeking to reformulate fair trade's vision of empowerment and partnership constructively. Design/methodology/approach - A single case study approach is undertaken to examine how a socially orientated organization is adhering to and seeking to advance fair trade values. This research draws from the global value chain literature, which analyses how industries are governed. The relational co-ordination or governance mode, which is characteristic of mutual dependency between supplier and buyer firms, is used as a framework for investigating the fair trade industry. Distinction is made between the corporate and social economy variants of the relational governance mode. Findings - Trade Aid's commitment to producer groups is demonstrated through various initiatives the organization is undertaking as they work both with producer groups and corporate actors to expand the fair trade market. Trade Aid is part of a worldwide socially orientated movement seeking to reformulate the vision of fair trade. Originality/value - To date the fair trade literature has largely focused on socially orientated fair trade organizations in the Northern hemisphere. This research contributes to a gap in the literature in that it examines Trade Aid and the way this organization is addressing mainstreaming.", "publicationTitle": "Critical Perspectives on International Business", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "2012", "volume": "8", "issue": "4", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "295-308", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1108/17422041211274174", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/1125549293/13A8008958F6405B177/3?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:16:55Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "17422043", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Seeking to maintain the integrity of the fair trade model", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2012", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Actors", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Annual reports", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Case studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Coffee", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Developing countries--LDCs", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "International trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Labeling", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Managers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Product development", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Profits", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:50Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:50Z" } }, { "key": "MZ5ACFCB", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/MZ5ACFCB", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/MZ5ACFCB", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Bezençon and Blili", "parsedDate": "2009-11", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "MZ5ACFCB", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fair Trade Managerial Practices: Strategy, Organisation and Engagement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Valéry", "lastName": "Bezençon" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sam", "lastName": "Blili" } ], "abstractNote": "The number of distributors selling Fair Trade products is constantly increasing. What are their motivations to distribute Fair Trade products? How do they organise this distribution? Do they apply and communicate the Fair Trade values? This research, based on five case studies in Switzerland, aims at understanding and structuring the strategies and the managerial practices related to Fair Trade product distribution, as well as analysing if they denote an engagement with Fair Trade principles. The results show a high heterogeneity of strategies and engagement. In general, strategies implemented by mainstream actors contribute to increase Fair Trade global sales but do not convey the transformative message of Fair Trade through their engagement. The latter is rather communicated through alternative channels. Problems and potential solutions to this issue are discussed. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Business Ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Nov 2009", "volume": "90", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "95-113", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1007/s10551-009-0029-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/198098466/abstract/13A7FEB47D05338CA92/16?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:18:25Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01674544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fair Trade Managerial Practices", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Distribution", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Ethical consumerism", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Organizational behavior", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social responsibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:46Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:46Z" } }, { "key": "EUTESPSK", "version": 5, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/EUTESPSK", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/EUTESPSK", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Moberg", "parsedDate": "2005", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EUTESPSK", "version": 5, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fair Trade and Eastern Caribbean Banana Farmers: Rhetoric and Reality in the Anti-Globalization Movement", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Mark", "lastName": "Moberg" } ], "abstractNote": "With the impending removal of tariff quotas that formerly guaranteed access to the UK market, the Eastern Caribbean banana industry faces the prospect of direct price competition with cheaper Latin American bananas. Some farming communities in the region have embraced Fair Trade as an alternative marketing strategy. Certified Fair Trade farmers receive higher prices than do conventional growers, as well as a social premium for local development. In exchange, they must conform to extensive social and environmental criteria. This article compares the rhetorical claims of the Fair Trade movement with the experiences of Fair Trade farmers on St. Lucia. By examining the price differential between conventional and Fair Trade fruit and appropriateness of certifying criteria, I offer a preliminary assessment of Fair Trade as a form of anti-globalization politics. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]\nKey words: globalization, bananas, Fair Trade, Eastern Caribbean", "publicationTitle": "Human Organization", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Spring 2005", "volume": "64", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "4-15", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/201165385/13A7FEB47D05338CA92/22?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:20:04Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00187259", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Fair Trade and Eastern Caribbean Banana Farmers", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Society of Applied Anthropology Spring 2005", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Anthropology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Bananas", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Comparative analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Competition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Farmers", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Globalization", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sciences: Comprehensive Works", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:43Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:43Z" } }, { "key": "RMIUXA3A", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/RMIUXA3A", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/RMIUXA3A", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Reed", "parsedDate": "2009-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "RMIUXA3A", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "What do Corporations have to do with Fair Trade? Positive and Normative Analysis from a Value Chain Perspective", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Darryl", "lastName": "Reed" } ], "abstractNote": "There has been tremendous growth in the sales of certified fair trade products since the introduction of the first of these goods in the Netherlands in 1988. Many would argue that this rapid growth has been due in large part to the increasing involvement of corporations. Still, participation by corporations in fair trade has not been welcomed by all. The basic point of contention is that, while corporate participation has the potential to rapidly extend the market for fair trade goods, it threatens key aspects of what many see as the original vision of fair trade - most notably a primary concern for the plight of small producers and the goal of developing an alternative approach to trade and development - and may even be undermining its long-term survival. The primary purpose of this article is to explore the normative issues involved in corporate participation in fair trade. In order to do that, however, it first provides a positive analysis of how corporations are actually involved in fair trade. In order to achieve both of these ends, the article draws upon global value chain analysis. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Business Ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2009", "volume": "86", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "3-26", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1007/s10551-008-9757-5", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/198045854/abstract/13A7FEB47D05338CA92/32?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:24:41Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01674544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "What do Corporations have to do with Fair Trade?", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Corporate responsibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social responsibility", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Value chain", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:39Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:39Z" } }, { "key": "EH2JC5XR", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/EH2JC5XR", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/EH2JC5XR", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Smith and Loker", "parsedDate": "2012", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "EH2JC5XR", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "\"We Know Our Worth\": Lessons from a Fair Trade Coffee Cooperative in Honduras", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Erin", "lastName": "Smith" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William M.", "lastName": "Loker" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Human Organization", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Spring 2012", "volume": "71", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "87-98", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/928969399/13A7FEB47D05338CA92/25?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:20:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "00187259", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "\"We Know Our Worth\"", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright Society of Applied Anthropology Spring 2012", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Accounting records", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Anthropology", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Coffee industry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Development banks", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Farms", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Field study", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Prices", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Sciences: Comprehensive Works", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social Sciences: Comprehensive Works", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Verbal communication", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Volatility", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:35Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:35Z" } }, { "key": "ZQ6BM6M3", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/ZQ6BM6M3", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/ZQ6BM6M3", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Steinrücken and Jaenichen", "parsedDate": "2007-09", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZQ6BM6M3", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "The Fair Trade Idea: Towards an Economics of Social Labels", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Torsten", "lastName": "Steinrücken" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Sebastian", "lastName": "Jaenichen" } ], "abstractNote": "The concept of Fair Trade is applied to the marketing of a variety of goods. In recent years it has met a continually increasing interest among consumers. Different Fair Trade organizations are trying to accomplish an improvement in working and living conditions in developing countries by means of Fair Trade certificates and by paying a price markedly above world market standard. This is meant to lead to the attainment of basic social standards, especially in agricultural production. The article deals with how Fair Trade works and whether the social aims can be achieved by the application of this trade concept. Our main result is that even though efficiency of redistribution through the Fair Trade institutions is lower than through traditional relief organizations, the Fair Trade concept provides an additional incentive to support better living conditions in the Third World. Moreover, it provides a stimulus for producers to reorganize the production process in a socially more acceptable manner even when this is not rewarded by the Fair Trade company. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Consumer Policy", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Sep 2007", "volume": "30", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "201", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1007/s10603-007-9034-5", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/198357409/abstract/13A7FEB47D05338CA92/30?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:22:26Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01687034", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "The Fair Trade Idea", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics--Macroeconomics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Consumer Education And Protection", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Social justice", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Society", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:33Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:33Z" } }, { "key": "ETNAAD7M", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/ETNAAD7M", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/ETNAAD7M", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Taylor et al.", "parsedDate": "2005-07", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ETNAAD7M", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Keeping trade fair: governance challenges in the fair trade coffee initiative", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Peter Leigh", "lastName": "Taylor" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Douglas L.", "lastName": "Murray" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Laura T.", "lastName": "Raynolds" } ], "abstractNote": "", "publicationTitle": "Sustainable Development", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Jul 2005", "volume": "13", "issue": "3", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "199-208", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/218652123/abstract/13A801DDCF81E6D70B7/64?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:40:59Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "09680802", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Keeping trade fair", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Coffee industry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Commodities", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Economic policy", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:30Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:30Z" } }, { "key": "ZSCC7T4K", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/ZSCC7T4K", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/ZSCC7T4K", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Utting", "parsedDate": "2009-04", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "ZSCC7T4K", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Assessing the Impact of Fair Trade Coffee: Towards an Integrative Framework", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Karla", "lastName": "Utting" } ], "abstractNote": "This article presents an impact assessment framework that allows for the evaluation of positive and negative local-level impacts that have resulted from \"responsible trade\" interventions such as fair trade and ethical trade. The framework investigates impact relating to (1) livelihood impacts on primary stakeholders; (2) socio-economic impacts on communities; (3) organizational impacts; (4) environmental impacts; (5) policies and institutional impacts; and (6) future prospects. It identifies relevant local-level stakeholders and facilitates the analysis of conflicting interests. The framework was developed in the context of, and is applied in this article to, the fair trade coffee industry in northern Nicaragua. It was designed, however, so that it can be applied across commodity sectors and responsible trade initiatives. It is able to do this by accommodating for differences in the social, environmental, political and institutional contexts of different areas, and by taking into account the distinct nature of an initiative's overall objectives, different levels of intervention, and the full range of stakeholders involved. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]", "publicationTitle": "Journal of Business Ethics", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Apr 2009", "volume": "86", "issue": "", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "127-149", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "http://dx.doi.org.mutex.gmu.edu/10.1007/s10551-008-9761-9", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/198020958/abstract/13A801DDCF81E6D70B7/73?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:43:23Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "01674544", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "Assessing the Impact of Fair Trade Coffee", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Business And Economics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Business ethics", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Coffee industry", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Conflicts of interest", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Impact analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Statistical analysis", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Studies", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:27Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:27Z" } }, { "key": "TI9DVK84", "version": 4, "library": { "type": "group", "id": 124633, "name": "Fair Trade", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade", "type": "text/html" } } }, "links": { "self": { "href": "https://api.zotero.org/groups/124633/items/TI9DVK84", "type": "application/json" }, "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/groups/fair_trade/items/TI9DVK84", "type": "text/html" } }, "meta": { "createdByUser": { "id": 397013, "username": "lsantosa", "name": "", "links": { "alternate": { "href": "https://www.zotero.org/lsantosa", "type": "text/html" } } }, "creatorSummary": "Welford et al.", "parsedDate": "2003-03", "numChildren": 0 }, "data": { "key": "TI9DVK84", "version": 4, "itemType": "journalArticle", "title": "Fair trade as a strategy for international competitiveness", "creators": [ { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Richard", "lastName": "Welford" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "Julia", "lastName": "Meaton" }, { "creatorType": "author", "firstName": "William", "lastName": "Young" } ], "abstractNote": "At the centre of the debate surrounding sustainable development is a recognition that companies can make a major contribution by being environmentally and socially responsible and that tools associated with these concepts can enhance the competitiveness and economic performance of the firm. In this paper we go further in arguing that in a world of globalisation it is equally important to look at issues of international trade. In an examination of free trade we argue that it is neither fully consistent with sustainable development nor to the benefit of business. We point to a new imperative to develop sound sourcing, and equitable and fair trading relationships. We identify issues associated with fair trade (including issues of human rights, fair wages, sustainability reporting procedures and codes of conduct on ethics) and associated tools of analysis (guaranteed prices, codes of conduct and end price audits). The paper argues that in a world of globalisation with greater transparency and information availability it will be important for companies to be clear about their policies on supply chain management and trade. Indeed, with the growth of an active and sophisticated civil society, it will be argued that policies associated with sound sourcing, equitable trade and fair trade could provide companies with a new competitive strategy based on ethical standards communicated to the consumer through a strategy of differentiation. We explore strategies for the integration of fair trade policies, strategies and standards, and the opportunities for new markets and niches that this presents. It is argued that the integration of fair trade into a business strategy can enhance competitiveness.", "publicationTitle": "International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology", "publisher": "", "place": "", "date": "Mar 2003", "volume": "10", "issue": "1", "section": "", "partNumber": "", "partTitle": "", "pages": "1-13", "series": "", "seriesTitle": "", "seriesText": "", "journalAbbreviation": "", "DOI": "", "citationKey": "", "url": "http://search.proquest.com.mutex.gmu.edu/docview/197920036/13A801DDCF81E6D70B7/75?accountid=14541", "accessDate": "2012-11-19T21:47:20Z", "PMID": "", "PMCID": "", "ISSN": "13504509", "archive": "", "archiveLocation": "", "shortTitle": "", "language": "English", "libraryCatalog": "ProQuest", "callNumber": "", "rights": "Copyright CRC Press Mar 2003", "extra": "", "tags": [ { "tag": "Competition", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Environmental Studies", "type": 1 }, { "tag": "Fair trade", "type": 1 } ], "collections": [], "relations": {}, "dateAdded": "2012-11-27T00:02:25Z", "dateModified": "2012-11-27T00:02:25Z" } } ]